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Example research essay topic: Ozone Depletion Ultraviolet Radiation - 624 words

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If all the ice in Antarctica melted, it would raise the level of the world's oceans by over 200 feet (60 meters). The possibility of this happening in the near term is not seriously considered by scientists, for the Antarctic icecap is currently believed to be in equilibrium. However, meteorologists studying the ramifications of global warming and the greenhouse effect expect there to be a decrease in sea levels in the short term -- a matter of decades -- of about 2 millimeters per year. This will be due to an increase in the amount of water vapor in the air as a result of higher air temperatures and will lead to greater snow fall on the continent. Over the longer term higher global air temperatures are expected to generate higher icecap flow rates and more ice-bergs which are expected to raise sea-level by of 3 feet, or about a meter, in the next century.

While such a rise does not seem a significant one, its effects could be devastating -- displacing more than 100 million people in low-lying coastal areas around the world. Accompanying this rise in sea level would be increased winter temperatures and warmer hot spells, increased rainfall and flooding, and overall unpredictable shifting of temperature and rainfall patterns that could wreak havoc with agriculture, natural ecosystems and other daunting effects. Without the protective covering of our atmosphere, the Earth would be an inhospitable place. But looked at from a distance, the thickness of the atmosphere relative to the planet's size has been compared to the skin of an apple. It is more fragile than we usually believe, and until the discovery of the thinning of the ozone layer, we took our air for granted. In 1985, scientists discovered that more than half the ozone was being lost from the stratosphere over Antarctica each spring, following the return of the sun to the polar ice cap.

After three years of intense study, the culprit was found to be the human-created compounds used in industry, especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Solvents, refrigerants, and spray-can propellants all contain CFCs, and their combined use releases more than half a million tons of chlorine into the atmosphere yearly. Chlorine is a very stable compound, and once it rises into the stratosphere, each chlorine molecule can destroy thousands of ozone molecules. The result is a dramatic reduction in the ability of the atmosphere to repel ultraviolet radiation. The Dangers of Ultraviolet Radiation UV radiation can have troubling if not devastating effects on surface life, including human. An increase in skin cancers, a suppression of human immune systems, disruption of plant life including increased susceptibility to pests or disease, reduction in phytoplankton growth, and the eventual decrease in the numbers of aquatic species -- all these effects and more are anticipated due to ozone depletion. (The causes and effects of ozone depletion are well documented elsewhere on the Web. ) Unfortunately, despite legislation in some countries to reduce the production and use of CFCs, the outlook is not optimistic.

The annual thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica got off to a jump start this year, and looks more severe than ever before. By the end of September, 1995, the ozone hole covered over 4 million square miles -- an area roughly the size of Europe. With ozone levels 10 % lower in August 1995 than the previous record low (August 1994), pessimism is difficult to avoid. Though Antarctica seems at the end of the world, its frozen wastes a distant aside in the lives of most of us, it is not unlike the canary in the coal mine -- a gauge of warning, an alarm sounding to wake the world to the danger we are all in.

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Free research essays on topics related to: ozone, ultraviolet radiation, sea level, ozone depletion, ozone layer

Research essay sample on Ozone Depletion Ultraviolet Radiation

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