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Example research essay topic: History Of The Nobel Prize Foundation - 1,762 words

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... nd comprehensive scholarship. Mommsen had the ability to combine his command of the vast material with stunning accuracy, a strict method of organization, a youthful vigor, and a method of presentation that almost creates an artful masterpiece and alone can give a solid foundation and life to a common description. It is hard to discern whether or not to praise him solely for his mastery of the topics that he writes about, or to love him for his talent to turn carefully investigated facts into a moving picture. He has been one of the first to bridge the gap between historian and writer. It is probably most notable his relation of the Romans obedience to the state as the system of obedience between father and son.

Mommsen in all of his writings has never glorified brute power. Art and Sciences have often shown the capacity to keep their practitioners young in spirit. Mommsen is both a scholar and an artist, and at eighty-five he is young I his works. Even in old age, as late as 1895, he made valuable contributions to the Proceedings of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. For these listed reason, the Nobel Award for Literature was award to him in 1902.

In 1832, the 1903 Nobel Prize for Literature award winner was born. The son of a Norwegian pastor, Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson, began writing early in his life. He participated in the movement for a national Norwegian theatre and he wrote a few poetic plays, but he chose to never publish them. As a student he became a literary critic for the Morgenbladet, a Norwegian newspaper. He also contributed many stories to other newspapers.

His first successful writing, Miller slovene (Between the Battles), was released in 1857. Soon after, Bjrnson became the stage director at the Norwegian Theatre in Bergen. He balanced his life between his writing and national politics, and further divided his writings between historical tragedies and country tales. His writings Arne and En glad gut, were meant to show a relationship between the modern day peasant and the heroes of old in their taciturnity and love of adventure. Bjrnson spent 3 years abroad, mostly in Italy, and his writings were deeply affected by Michelangelo and Greek sculptures. After a few more trips abroad, 1873 - 13875 in Italy, Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson died in 1910.

Bjrnson's works are so common to educated Swedes that the Nobel Foundation saw it unnecessary to give a comprehensive review of his works and merits in their presentation speech to him. His being brought up on a farm in Kvikne, Norway developed his love for the rustic nature of his country. He didnt do brilliantly in school, going to school at More at the age of eleven. During his time at that school, he began reading works from one author that would greatly have an effect on his life: he began to read Sturleson. Bjrnson is regarded by the Nobel Foundation as a great epic and dramatic writer, but he is also viewed as a great lyric poet. It should in fact be observed that Bjrnson's characters are of a rare purity, that his genius is always positive and in no way negative.

His works are never adulterated; on the contrary they are pure metal, and whatever modifications the years and experience have imposed upon his point of view and that of others, he has never ceased to combat the claim of the senses to dominate man. As a lyric poet, Bjrnson's poems are an amazing source of never ending wealth, and the melodious tendencies to his works have tempted several composers to set his work to music. His Ja, vi else dette Land [Yes, we love this country] has served as the Norwegian National Anthem. All of his works have earned him the Nobel Prize for Literature for the year 1903. In the year 1904, the Nobel Foundation was presented with a problem. The institutions charged with awarding these Prizes should like to bear such striking witness to the value of a young genius; but the statutes of the Nobel Foundation stipulate that the works eligible for such a reward must be of exceptional importance and confirmed by experience.

Thus there cannot be any hesitation in choosing between a talent in process of formation and a proven genius at the end of his development. The jury does not have the right to ignore a still active author of European fame, merely because he is old. The works of an old writer are often proof of a unique and youthful energy. The Swedish Academy therefore was right to render homage to Mommsen and Bjrnson in awarding them Nobel Prizes even at a time when both were past their prime. In making its choice among the candidates proposed this year for the Nobel Prize, the Academy has again given its attention to several literary veterans of recognized fame, and it has wished to renew its pledge to genius held in high esteem in the literary world. The Academy has thought particularly of two authors who would both have been worthy of the whole Nobel Prize.

Both have attained the final limits not only of the poetic art, but even of human life; one is seventy-four years old, the other two years younger. Therefore the Academy believes it should not wait longer to confer on them a distinction they both equally merit, although from different points of view, and it has awarded half the annual prize to each. The Nobel Prize was awarded to two people in 1904, Frdric Mistral and Jos de Echegaray y Eizaguirre. Frdric Mistral was born on September 8 th, 1830 in a village situated midway between Avignon and Arles in the Rhone Valley.

He was born into an old and well-to-do family of landowners that settled their roots in Provence in the sixteenth century. Mistral read law, but after he got his degree he devoted the rest of his life to writing poetry in Provenal. His passion for this had been aroused by one his masters in school, the Provenal poet Joseph Roumanille. Roumanille inspired a love for the Provenal language.

Mistral was both an epic and a lyrical poet. Frdric Mistral died in 1914. The second award winner for 1904, Jos de Echegaray y Eizaguirre, was born in Madrid in 1833. Jos was the son of a professor of Greek. He went to an engineering school, studied economics, and served a distinguished term in the Spanish Government. He was the Minister of Public Works and the Finance Minister in successive terms.

At the high point in his career, he turned to the stage, a passion of his that dated back to his early childhood. His plays obviously were clear reflections of his experiences in mathematics, engineering, and administrating, showing the same carefully precision and exactitude that he used in his everyday life. Most of his plays revolve around the conflict of duty, and he has upheld the idea with uncompromising severity. His keen taking to romanticism shows in the subjects of his works. Jos de Echegaray y Eizaguirre died in 1916.

In 1904, the Academy gave one of the awards to the poet Frdric Mistral, who in his old age, posses the ability to write younger than most of the poets of his time. His work Mirio (1859), established his global fame as one of the greatest poets of our time. While it is very easy to be lured into the imagination that Mistral put into Mirio, but the beauty of it lies in how he linked all of the different facets of the story together, almost making it seem that we were actively involved in the landscape, living his story. Mistral does not draw the inspiration for his stories from psychology, but rather from nature. In its purest form, his works are melodious and sweet. Aside from his creative works, he created a great neo-Provenal dictionary, Tresor du Flibrige.

He has been awarded many other awards before earning the Nobel Prize for Literature. Jos de Echegaray y Eizaguirre received the other half of the award for his accomplishments in the field of literature. It is very odd that Echegaray would turn to writing for the theater, when early on in his career he was sincerely devoted to writing papers on physics, electricity and analytic geometry. It is interesting to point out that many viewers of his dramatic works have noted that Echegaray wrote his plays with the same exactitude and precision that was necessary to publish works on topic involving equations and problems. Echegaray has put in the mouth of one of the characters of El gran Geleoto the most pessimistic words about the world, which < < never recognizes the subtleties of the genius until three centuries after his death> > . No doubt this can happen.

But against the general application of the above thesis we can offer the justified admiration which the work of Echegaray has aroused. To those tributes of appreciation the Swedish Academy has agreed to add still one more, awarding the Nobel Prize in homage to the celebrated poet, the honour and glory of the Spanish Academy, Jos de Echegaray. The winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1905 represented Poland, Henryk Sienkiewicz. Regarded by many as quite possibly the most prolific Polish writer of the latter half of the nineteenth century, Henryk was born in Will Okrzejska, a Russian part of Poland. He was greatly influenced by his fathers side of his family involvement in the struggles for Polish independence. Many of his works contain very patriotic elements, while his mothers side produced the history-oriented side to his writings.

Henryk began studying early in Warsaw, but through many years of teachings, there werent any concrete visible improvements, but his talent as a writer would soon be recognized. He took a trip to America, in which he traveled as far west as California. During his trip he began writing in Polish newspapers, and many readers liked his writings. One of these publications was the short story entitled Latarnik (1882) [The Lighthouse Keeper]. Upon his return to Poland, Henryk devoted his entire time to studying history which lead to his writing about Poland in the mid-seventeenth century. Through his writings in Poland, he became popular very quickly.

In 1990, a national subscription helped to raise enough money so that Henryk could buy the castle that all of his ancestors lived in. By the time he was done writing, he had published as many as 60 volumes. Henryk Sienkiewicz died in 1916.


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