NOTE: Free essay sample provided on this page should be used for references or sample purposes only. The sample essay is available to anyone, so any direct quoting without mentioning the source will be considered plagiarism by schools, colleges and universities that use plagiarism detection software. To get a completely brand-new, plagiarism-free essay, please use our essay writing service.
One click instant price quote
... nay and Luzon. The more recent Malays are somewhat common and are widely spread across the nation. Tribes such as the Igroto live in the jungles of Baguio, Batangas, and Tarlac on the main island of Luzon. The Bontoc tribes are on the islands of Samar, Leyte, Masbate, and a few in the forests of Negros. The Tinguians can be found mainly in the island of Palawan, but some are known to have migrated to Mindanao.
These are just some of the many ethnic tribes that inhabit the Philippine islands (Levinson 135). Colonial Intrusions David Levinson states that Southeast Asia has served as a north-south funnel for peoples and cultures for thousands of years, resulting in a hodgepodge of linguistic and ethnic groups (119). Southeast Asia is an intersection of migrating traffic. Physically, most Southeast Asian peoples belong to either the Asiatic or the Australian geographic race, with significant variations within each group. Australian groups include the Semang of Malaysia, the Andamanese, and some Cambodian groups. Intermediate Asiatics include the Thais, Malay, Lao, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Filipinos, and Indonesians.
Many different types of cultures have influenced the Philippines. As newcomers arrived, the earlier settlers moved inland and formed small communities. Each group developed its own culture, but the Chinese, Spanish, American, and Japanese have the most influence on the populations culture as well as its ethnic mixture (Levinson 122). Colonial Intrusions: Chinese The Chinese first arrived into the islands about 1000 AD as traders.
They traded tools, foods (mainly rice), and many different resources with the Philippine locals. Eventually, the Chinese migrated to places like Puerto Princesa on Palawan, Zamboanga on Mindanao, and Negros. In time, interracial marriages occurred between the Chinese and the locals producing hybrid offspring known as Chinese Mestizos. Mestizo is the offspring of Filipino and non-Filipino marriages (Levinson 123). The Chinese had few cultural influences on Filipinos such as hunting techniques, food gathering techniques, building procedures, and certain types of writing systems. Nevertheless, in comparison with other parts of the region, the influence of China on the Philippines was of little importance.
The peoples of the Philippine archipelago, unlike most of the other peoples of Southeast Asia, never adopted Buddhism (Britannica). Colonial Intrusions: Spanish In Philippine history, the early Spanish period is from 1521 to 1762. According to Robert Dolan, the first recorded sighting of the Philippines by Europeans was on March 16, 1521, during Ferdinand Magellans circumnavigation of the globe. Magellan was a Portuguese navigator who landed on Cebu, claimed the land for Charles I of Spain.
He was killed one month later on the island of Martin, near Cebu island, when he tried to impose Christianity and Spanish supremacy on the local chief, Lapu-Lapu. Lapu-Lapu was eventually killed, nevertheless, for his successful defiance of the Spanish, Lapu-Lapu is known all over the country as a national folk hero (230). During the following decades, Spain sent several expeditions to the archipelago. Permanent Spanish settlement was finally established in 1565 when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first royal governor, arrived in Cebu from New Spain, what is now called Mexico. In the following years, the islands were given their present name in honor of Philip II of Spain, who reigned from 1556 to 1598 (Levinson 128).
Because Philippines was under the rule of Spain for 333 years, the Spanish inflicted the most influence on Filipinos. Religion played a significant role in Spain's relations with and attitudes toward the indigenous population; a little over ninety percent of the current total population are Roman Catholic. Certain beliefs in their religion have become traditions to most Filipinos today. Language had also highly influenced Filipino people; numerous words in modern Tagalog have a striking resemblance to Spanish. In addition, interracial marriage also occurred during these times. Spanish-Filipino, also known as Spanish Mestizo, is an offspring of the two joint races, and can be distinguished by their fairer complexion, taller stature, and aquiline nose structure.
That is why Filipinos are thought to have been descended from the Spanish (Dorai 333). Colonial Intrusions: American The Philippines was under the United States tutelage for 48 years, which also resulted in many cultural influences as well as interracial mating. 1898 was the year of the Spanish-American war to claim rights to the Philippines. Ultimately, Spain was defeated by the United States resulting in the American guardianship from 1898 to 1945. During those years many Americans settled in the Philippines, the majorities of them are from the military, and lived in numerous navy and air force bases. By this time, interracial marriage was common especially with the Americans, for the reason of eager Filipinos, mostly women that want to relocate to the States (Levinson 153). Colonial Intrusions: Japanese The Japanese infliction on the Philippine culture transpired during the harsh years of World War II from 1941 to 1945.
The event that is commonly remembered by Filipinos occurred on December 8, 1941 when Japan launched a surprise attack on the Philippines, just ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Of the four, the Japanese intrusion was the most memorable. During the war, Japanese soldiers would invade innocent Filipino homes. Mainly homes in the mountainous areas and farms along the grassy planes. Eventually, these invasions would lead to innocent Filipino deaths of all ages. The Japanese would also sexually abuse the women even children during their violent raids.
After the war, a small number of the female victims survived. Today, there is less than five percent of the population are Japanese mixed (Dolan 540). In conclusion, Filipinos are an assemblage of heterogeneous people, a diverse culture with each individual differing from one another, lacking purity. Every other Filipino has ancestors from blended regions of the world, mainly the densely populated and complex vicinity of Southeast Asia. In essence, most Filipinos today have the slightest clue of their ethnic background; these people are part of a confused race, ignorant of their heritage, raped of their true identity. Works Cited Bullen, Elizabeth, ed.
Peoples of the Earth: Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. Vol 10. London: Danbury Press, 1973. 20 vols. Christopherson, Robert W. , Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography. 4 th ed.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000. Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W.
Norton & Company, 1997. Dolan, Robert E. , ed. The Philippines: A Country Study. 4 th ed. Washington, D. C. : Library of Congress, 1993.
Dorai, Francis, ed. Insight Guide: Philippines. Singapore: APA Publications GmbH & Company, 2000. Grossholtz, Gene.
Philippines. Discovery Channel School. Mount Holyoke College. 26 Mar. 2001 < web 427000. html> . Guillermo, Artemis R. , and May Kyi Win.
Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. , 1997. Levinson, David. Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press, 1998. Philippines.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15 th ed. 1998.
Free research essays on topics related to: interracial marriage, southeast asia, cultural influences, ethnic groups, 4 th ed
Research essay sample on 4 Th Ed Southeast Asia
