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Example research essay topic: Poverty Stricken South Africa - 1,189 words

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... those in poor rural areas of the country, are drawn to Japan. One of the causes of the increase in international trafficking and prostitution in women is the economic development in Asian countries. In Thailand, economic development has been remarkable since the late 1980 s; Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is showing prosperity. On the other hand, the rural areas have fallen behind in development, or rather, have been victimized. Forests have been destroyed and farmers are indebted and suffer from poverty.

Economic development in Thailand has only benefited the rich in Thailand. The rapid growth of the economy has led to consumerism, but unfortunately, for the people in the poor rural areas of the country, the only commodity they can offer for cash is their daughters. "Thus, the trafficking in women accelerates. " (Yayori, pg. 3) The sex industry in South Africa has existed for thousands of years; the city of Cape Town has more than 100 brothels with 5 to 25 employees each. The flourishing prostitution industry is still illegal, as in Thailand, but the city draws many tourists from around the world, more than any other place in the world. (Cauvin, pg. 1) The main cities and towns attract thousands of illegal immigrants from Africa and the rest of the world. (PANA, pg. 1) South Africa is on its way to developing a child-sex tourism trade. Children as young as eight can be bought in the Cape, for as little as food for their family, and little is being done to stop it. The sex industry in Cape Town is extremely organized, with children, both girls and boys, being taken away from their families and forced into prostitution or exploited by their parents to earn income for their families. The issue of "survival sex" was recently reached in the Western Cape.

The research showed that children were being prostituted by their families or as a result of being left on the streets with no source of income. Children in rural areas are sent to shebeens (an unlicensed or illegally operated drinking establishment), labor hotels and to farm workers who pay in cash or with food. "Research indicates that this is a common reality in poverty-stricken communities in this country. A case was reported to us of an eight-year-old boy prostituted by his family as their only source of income, " said Bernadette van Vuuren of the childrens rights organization Resources Aimed at the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (RAPCAN). South Africa is a wealthy country, but its wealth is not being distributed evenly. "In South Africa, income poverty goes together with a level of inequality which is among the worst in the world. The richest 20 % of South African households have 65 % of all income. The poorest 20 % have only 3 %. " (Baden, Hassin, Meintjes, p. 17) Having a job is one way for people to get out of poverty, but the South African economy is not creating jobs.

Generally, people with a higher education level earn more than those who are uneducated. In South Africa, more women have very little formal education than men. In 1995, 23 % of African women age 25 and older had no formal education at all, compared to 16 % of men. Passing grade 5 is often used as a measure of literacy. Over one quarter (28 %) of women in Africa had not passed grade 5 compared to 21 % of African men.

South Africa has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection in the world. "Sixteen in every hundred women visiting antenatal clinics in South Africa during 1997 were HIV positive. " (Baden, Hassin, Meintjes, p. 20) More women than men are likely to be HIV positive; poverty increases the danger of HIV infection as women feel forced to become prostitutes to earn money. Most women and children who become prostitutes or victims of exploitation in South Africa are from poverty-stricken communities with no other option to earn money; for children who are abandoned on the streets with no source of income, prostitution is the only way they can survive; for women, because the illiteracy rate is much higher than that of men, and therefore cannot find decent-paying jobs, they are forced to sell their bodies to earn enough money for their families. In both Thailand and South Africa, prostitution has existed for thousands of years, as in many other countries around the world; and in both countries, poverty played a role in promoting prostitution of women. The HIV infection rates are high in both countries as a result of many young girls and women having to sell sex for money without protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Although the issue of trafficking in women does exist in South Africa, the problem is not as wide-spread and serious as it is in Thailand or many of the countries surrounding it.

The reason for this is because of the "Thai governments unwillingness to enforce even the most straightforward provisions, such as prohibition against trafficking in women and girls. " (unknown author, "Thai Legal Context"). Worse still, not only has the government failed to protect trafficking victims, but its agents are guilty of directly violating many of the human rights of many trafficked girls and women. Women and young girls in Thailand and South Africa are in a very vulnerable position, especially those who are poor, to trafficking and exploitation; and because they are poor and have very few resources, they have no other choice but to face and accept the only option given to them: to work as a prostitute to earn money or pay off their "debt." The future I see for these young girls and women, and many more to come, is not a bright one. The world does not care enough about them, nor the conditions in which they live their lives, let alone their own government. We all need to open our eyes, to take notice and possibly take action for their justice, for their right to be treated as human beings. Bibliography Asia Watch and The Womens Rights Project.

A Modern Form of Slavery: Trafficking of Burmese Women and Girls into Brothels in Thailand. Human Rights Watch, 1993 Baden, Sally; Hassin, Screen; Meintjes, Sheila. "Country Gender Profile: South Africa. " 1999 available online at: womens net. org. za / links /gender. htm#GENDER, INEQUALITY, POVERTY AND VULNERABILITY Cauvin, Here "For Red Light Districts Best Brothels, Gold Stars. " The New York Times November 2, 1999 International Womens Issues. "Trafficking in Women and Girls An International Human Rights Violation. Available online at: web 980310 women traffic.

html Labor News. "Child Sex Industry Booms in South Africa." 1996 available online at: web Panafrican News Agency (PANA). "South Africa: Upmarket brothel forced to close its doors. " 2 / 7 / 00 available online at: web Unknown author. "Fact Sheet on Trafficking of Women and Children. " Available online at: web Unknown author. "Thai Legal Context." Available online at: web Unknown author. "What is Trafficking?" available online at: web Yayori, Matsui. "Eliminating Trafficking in Asian Women." 1996 available online at: web


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