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Example research essay topic: Hair Loss Body Hair - 1,073 words

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Elaine Morgans 1972 book The Descent of Woman contains eleven chapters that tell about the role of women in the evolution of humans. She begins the book by telling how humans were referred to as man and the pronoun he. She states how this can create images in you head of men, thus making women the afterthought and in conclusion n seem inferior. Morgans book doesnt make the woman seem more intelligent or more powerful just equal to him if not a little higher.

She gives the impression that woman was the one to get the wheel of human evolution in motion. In chapter one, Morgan asks 5 questions concerning evolution. She answers these questions throughout the book. She firsts asks, What happened during the Pliocene? (11) Before the Pliocene there was a time called the Miocene. During this time there were great areas of forests and a lot of rainfall to keep the grounds of Africa moist. There were a great number of apes living during this period because of the ideal living conditions provided by the forests.

Then came the Pliocene that lasted for twelve million years and was full of dry weather and decreasing amounts of forests. The ape population suffered greatly because of this, some survived in the small forest areas left. When the Pliocene ended a different type of ape surfaced called the Australopithecines. (12) Morgans next question was Why did they stand upright? (13) Many theories have been created by this question. Many believed it was for speed, but research and some common sense shows that animal with four legs are able to move a lot faster then animal with only two. Another theory was that this gave the ape the capability to run and hold a weapon at the same time.

Morgan shoots this theory down and says there must be a better reason, she continues later in the book with this answer. The rest of the questions that she answers throughout the book are; How did the ape come to be using these weapons, anyway (14) why did the naked ape become naked (16) and finally Why has our sex life become so involved and confusing? (17) Morgan begins her explanation of the evolution process in the Miocene. During this time there was a vegetarian pre-hominid hairy ape (21) that lived on the African continent. When the Pliocene came with its heat it began to kill the vegetation, forest, and make the living space and food for the apes limited. The apes needed to move to survive so she went out into the desert to create a new life. Here she needed to adapt though.

She had no protection and no food; her life was in danger all the time. In this new environment she had no chance to live so she became extinct. Luckily for us she was our great-great-aunt on the maternal side (26). Her cousin who lived by the coast who was of the same species was the lucky one. This is out ancestor. She was having trouble finding food and shelter just like her relative.

She had an advantage though and she realized it; she had a large body of water near her. Her predators didnt like water so she was safe there. She was also able to find food there such as shrimps and crabs. She didnt stay in the water all the time; she left and would go back if she was hungry or felt she was in danger. The water, Morgan explains, is the reason for the upright walking position. She used it so she could walk out further into the water without drowning.

Morgan also explains how the use of tools emerged. She did not have sharp dagger-like teeth like her mate so she was unable to open certain foods to eat such as mussels and clams. Morgan states, She picked up a pebble and hit one of the shells with it and the shell cracked. She tried it again, and it worked every time (27). In Morgans view woman created tools first and the male saw her doing so and followed. In chapter two, Morgan also explains the loss of fur.

The hair loss happened over time because on land the wet hair served no purpose. She felt more comfortable in the water too after the hair loss because she was able to move faster. With the loss of hair though she had a tendency to become cold, this is where the subcutaneous fat came about. The fur and fat served the same purpose; to keep her warm, the fat now just seemed more fitting for her lifestyle. She not only had to adapt for herself but for her baby. Babies were used to grabbing on to all their mothers body hair to hold on but as she was submerged under water the baby couldnt do this because it would drown.

The head hair that humans still have today was what kept the babies alive. As the baby swam and became tired it was easy for them to grab onto the mothers long flowing head hair that was floating on the surface of the water. (34 - 35) Her anatomy also went threw a metamorphosis during this time. After the mother lost her long, all-over body hair, whenever the baby was feeding from her, there was nowhere for the baby to hold on. The baby had once grabbed the air to pull itself up to keep the nipple in its mouth. This is how the breasts became larger. Much of the subcutaneous fat went to this area of the animal so the baby had something to hold and keep the milk warm. (38 - 40) In chapter three Morgan gives this newly emerged creature a name, Austalopthecus africanus.

Morgan helps to support her theory that this is where we came from by the use of many examples. The first example of this chapter is the webbing on our fingers and feet. Some people still have the webbing between their second and third too and on each human the webbing between our forefinger and thumb is clearly evident. This piece of skin is now vestigial but at one time may have served a very important person. Another example Morgan gives is nose structure. Unlike Catarrhine and Latyrrhine monkeys Homo sapiens have elaborate cartilaginous roof over his nostrils and direct them neither forward nor to the side but...


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Research essay sample on Hair Loss Body Hair

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