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... ; ) - this increments i before any testing is done - Connoisseurs of C semantics find C++ inferior to ++C (Stroustrup, 10). The language is not called D because it is an extension of C, and it does not attempt to remedy problems by removing features (Stroustrup, 10). How did the language become so popular among programmers? Explosive growth in the academic and business communities led to the need of a standardization of C++.
AT&T Bell Laboratories allowed Stroustrup to share drafts of revised versions of his languages reference manual with implementers of the languages compilers and the users of his language. There have been a few standardizations of C++ the most recent update to a standardization was by the ISO in 1998. How is C++ used today? Compilers and Powerful Applications Compilers are tools that translate the source code of a programming language, such as C++, into machine language - a language readable and interpreted by the computer.
When this interpretation takes place, individual words (segments of 4 bytes - like the number 0 F 03 in the hexadecimal, or base- 16 counting system) are read by the computer and are executed (Computer languages), producing, well, what you see when you double click on an icon in Windows, for example. There are many different compilers available for every major operating system. For Windows machines, there are Microsoft Visual C++ 6. 0, Borland C++ Builder 5. 0, Metrowerks Code Warrior. Linux has several compilers, the most frequently used being the freely distributed GNU CC (CC being another way to express C++) and the C compiler, GNU C. More and more systems programmers (and programmers at large) are switching to C++ and Visual C++ to develop powerful applications for the common user. Its flexibility and power allow for such amazing applications as developed by Adobe, who specialize in graphic and video manipulation (as well as their Adobe Acrobat PDF format which most federal, form-based, and professional documents are in) and Id Software, responsible for such games as Wolfenstein 3 D, Doom, and the Quake Trilogy.
The character sprites used in these games were most likely drawn in a program written in C++. Newer versions of the Linux operating systems are written in C++; Windows, especially its user interface coding, is written in C++; and there is not a single 800 phone call (a call paid for by the called party) that isnt routed by a C++ program. Banking, trading, insurance, telecommunications, and military applications all use C++ as their development language of choice (Stroustrup, 12). The Best Language C++ is arguably the best current language for development on a wide range of systems, networks, and large corporate infrastructures - as well as applications on personal computers.
However, there are always dissenting opinions. The question, What is the best language? is the eternal debate of programming (Parsons). The fact remains that people pick and choose favorites, and, by limiting their knowledge specifically to one language and its mastery, tend to forget that other languages do some things better than others. For instance, manipulation of strings (an array of alphanumeric characters) in the computer language Basic is arguably easier than the manipulation thereof in C++. On the other hand, it is impossible to design, implement and code powerful network applications with Basic.
What language should I learn? is a common question among novices in the programming community seeking to find a general-purpose language. Unfortunately, there is no such language (Parsons) - all languages are designed to handle specific tasks in a specific matter and make certain aspects of programming easier. In Parsons words, You would not, for instance, try to implement a database in Fortran, any more than you would perform a series of matrix calculations in Cobol Why not? Fortran is designed to aid in the scientific and numerical calculation analysis field and is more suitable for something like matrix calculations.
On the other hand, Cobol [a quite verbose and arduous language - there are some 17 lines of Cobol for every human being on the planet (Parsons) ] is a more suitable language for implementing a business database. Programming in C++ What makes C++ a good language? In order for a language to be considered a good language, it must be powerful and relatively easy to learn. It is contended by some that C++ is a difficult language to master. This is true in some cases - C++ can be relatively difficult due to its ability to handle complex programming techniques, yet, while some of these techniques are difficult to master, the basic language is relatively easy to learn and once it is learned, can be built on rather quickly.
A sample C++ program: #include
Look for this file and put the contents of it at the top of my file! Why use istream? The use of istream in this program is solely for the purpose of streaming text to the screen - istream contains code to aid in the process of streaming text to the screen. In fact, without this file, the command cout <
The main function (void main () { }) is the function that the compiler makes the head of the executable program. This program, written in C, looks quite similar to its successor, C++. Stroustrup when implementing C++, kept the syntax of C by the large and expanded its horizons by adding the O-O abilities of Simula 67 and Smalltalk 80. In C, the same program is written: #include
n); return (0); } The only differences between this code and the C++, are the command used to output the string Hello World! and the syntax of declaring the main function. The n functions in the same manner that <
program written in C looks like this: 457 F 464 C 0101 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0002 0003 0001 0000 03 D 0 0800 0034 0000 (Parsons) This is only 1 / 120 th of the whole program and, as you can see, machine language programming can be rather tedious. Languages like Simula 67 were created to allow programmers easier ways to program the machines and to increase the number of programmers in the field by making the process easier. Imagine writing Windows in machine language - it would be quite difficult. C++ is a powerful and versatile language that has a quite long and interesting background. Without the development of past languages or the further implementation thereof, Bjarne would not have had a reason to create this language - and we would not have platforms like Windows and its programs or developmental operating systems such as Linux.
C++ has been vital to the evolution of computers in the modern era. Works Cited Computer languages. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia Online. Online.
Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Internet. 2000. Available web bp? artbaseid = 0069240 Duffy, Tom. C++ Success Story; Competitors have predicted its demise, but use of C++ continues to grow.
Computerworld September 13, 1999: 98 Johnson, Paul R. CLU. Online. Department of Information Technology at Brighton University. Internet. December 16, 1994.
Available web > McHale, William. Object-Oriented C? A Case Study of C++ and Objective-C as Object-Oriented Extensions of C. Online.
University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Internet. 28 Apr. 1996. Available web > Outline, Steve. Practical C++ Programming. OReilly & Associates, September 1995. Overland, Brian.
C++ in Plain English. MIS: Press, 1996 Parsons, Peter. A Brief History of Programming. Online.
University of Hull Department of Computer Sciences. Internet. 1997. Available web > Stroustrup, Bjarne. The C++ Programming Language.
Addison-Wesley Publication Company, February 4 th, 2000. Stroustrup, Bjarne. Stroustrup: Bjarne's Homepage. Online. AT&T Bell Labs.
Internet. 2000. Available web > The Standard ML Programming Language. Online. Hughes College of Engineering at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas. Internet. 1999. Available web answers / languages /sml/
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