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Example research essay topic: Yom Kippur Carbon Monoxide - 1,352 words

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There is one period in time that stands out to most of the world. From 1938 - 1945 when Hitler and the Nazi Regime killed many Jews, Jehovah Witnesses, Homosexuals, Anti-Germans, Musicians and many more. A major death camp in Poland at the time was Sobibor. The Nazi death camp, Sobibor, was the scene of a horrific massacre, killing people of different cultures and religions. Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, bringing an end to German democracy. Guided by racist and authoritarian ideas, the Nazis abolished basic freedoms and sought to create a "Volk" community.

In theory, a "Volk" community united all social classes and regions of Germany behind Hitler. In reality, the Third Reich quickly became a police state, where individuals were subject to arbitrary arrest and imprisonment (Novitch, 2 - 5). Hitler looked down on people; not because of who they were but because of where they came from. In the first months of his chancellorship, Hitler began a concerted policy of "synchronization, " forcing organizations, political parties, and state governments into line with Nazi goals and placing them under Nazi leadership. Culture, the economy, education, and law came under greater Nazi control. Trade unions were abolished and workers, employees, and employers were forced into Nazi organizations.

By mid-July 1933, the Nazi party was the only political party permitted in Germany. The Reichstag (German parliament) became a rubber stamp for Hitler's dictatorship (Novitch, 2 - 5). Doing this Hitler changed the way that everyone though of Germany. Hitler tried but did not succeed in his genocide of the Jews. Sobibor was one of six death camps in Europe. It was the second largest camp in all of Poland, and the largest Operation Reinhard Camp.

Operation Reinhard was the Nazi plan in 1942 to exterminate the Jews of Nazi-occupied Poland and areas of the Soviet Union. Nearly 250, 000 people perished in the camp's gas chambers which used carbon monoxide based gas, Zyclone B (Blatt, 8). This gas was not hard to make; scientist could make enough to kill about 10, 000 people in one day. The first camp held the Jewish prisoners required to service the SS men and Ukrainians. On the route to the second camp there where buildings were the deportees left their luggage and clothing. Within the second camp was an area entirely shielded by tree branches intertwined with the barbed wire.

This is where deportees undressed in the open before proceeding up a fenced in passageway called The Tube. This led towards the shaving hut for women and the gas chambers. Also in camp two were storage huts for clothing and valuables. The third camp was the most remote area and was screened by trees. Inside was the brick building housing three gas chambers, about 12 feet by 12 feet, each of which could hold about 160 - 180 people.

Carbon monoxide generated by a diesel engine mounted outside was piped into the gas chambers. The corpses were removed from a second door and buried in huge, specially excavated pits. Carts, and later trolleys on a small rail track, were used to carry deportees who were too ill to walk to the burial pits where they were shot (Sobibor, 4 - 5). This was a very intelligent way to set up the camps, but the reason for destroying these men, women, and little kids were terrible. The death camps were a vital part of Hitlers plan to cleanse the world. The people at Sobibor were from all different cultures and ethnicities.

Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally retarded and Jehovah Witnesses are only a few persecuted by Hitler during the Holocaust. The SS (The elite guard that was originally set up as Hitler's personal protection service) appointed Kapos, an overseer in charge of work details or other activities or sections of concentration camps, in charge of blocks or building cells. Kapos were selected from among the camp prisoners, usually from any criminal or otherwise violent element (Blatt, 9 - 10). This was very cruel because if a group of prisoners got out of control the SS would shoot the prisoners and the Kapos. Jews deported to Sobibor came mainly from the ghettos of eastern Poland, especially from the Lublin area. The Nazis also deported Jews to Sobibor from German-occupied Soviet territory, and from Bohemia and Moravia, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

In all, the Germans and their allies killed about 250, 000 people at Sobibor (Arad, 16 - 19). These people were taken without warning and were told they were being relocated to a healthier place. The people of Sobibor were not aware of the Nazis coming to take over their lives in a matter of days. While at Sobibor a doctor would perform bizarre and awful experiments on the prisoners. Professor Carl Clauberg came to the death camp Sobibor and started his medical experimental activities. He injected chemical substances into wombs during his experiments.

Thousands of Jewish and Gypsy women were subjected to this treatment. They were sterilized by the injections, producing horrible pain, inflamed ovaries, bursting spasms in the stomach, and bleeding. The injections seriously damaged the ovaries of the victims, which were then removed and sent to Berlin (Arad, 23). This professor was crazy; he thought that he could just do these experiments to people because they were non-Aryan. Clauberg's's colleague, Dr. Herta Oberhauser, killed children with oil and evian injections, removed their limbs and vital organs, and rubbed ground glass and sawdust into wounds.

After World War II, in October of 1946, the Nuremberg Medical Trial began, lasting until August of 1947. Twenty-three German physicians and scientists were accused of performing vile and potentially lethal medical experiments on concentration camps inmates and other living human subjects between 1933 and 1945. Josef Mengele was not amongst the accused. Fifteen defendants were found guilty, and eight were acquitted.

Of the fifteen, seven were given the death penalty and eight imprisoned. Herta Oberhauser, the doctor who had rubbed crushed glass into the wounds of her subjects, received a twenty year sentence but was released in April 1952 and became a family doctor at Stocks in Germany (Arad, 24). This is absurd that they were not killed or sentenced life in prison, never-the-less Dr. Oberhauser was still aloud to practice medicine and became a family doctor. Carl Clauberg was put to trial in the Soviet Union and sentenced to twenty-five years in prison. Seven years later, he was pardoned under the arrangement between Bonn and Moscow and went back to West Germany.

Upon returning he held a press conference and boasted of his scientific work at Sobibor. After survivor groups protested, Clauberg was finally arrested in 1955 but died in August 1957, shortly before his trial should have started (Arad, 26). These medical experiments were not only unjust but ridiculously stupid and the doctors were penalized reasonably. The prisoners finally had enough and decided to do something about it.

In early 1943, prisoners in the forced-labor camp organized an underground resistance movement. By late 1943, the prisoners, realizing that gassing operations in Sobibor were coming to an end, planned for an uprising. On Yom Kippur (October 14, 1943), the 600 forced labor prisoners attempted a revolt and mass escape from the camp. During the uprising, eleven SS men and a number of Ukrainian guards were killed. Approximately 300 prisoners managed to escape, but most were killed later as they fled. Those remaining at the camp were quickly liquidated by the Germans.

All in all, only approximately fifty Jewish prisoners who escaped Sobibor on Yom Kippur survived the war (Rescue, 17 - 20). This was one of the most daring displays of Jewish resistance during the Holocaust. The uprising at Sobibor was a very courageous and heroic event and now seventeen people are still alive. Hitlers reign was a terrible and horrific scene in history. He killed many Jews, Gypsies, and Homosexuals just because he thought these people were not part of the super race. He is now looked upon as one of the most evil and viscous people who ever lived.


Free research essays on topics related to: concentration camps, yom kippur, carbon monoxide, gas chambers, jewish prisoners

Research essay sample on Yom Kippur Carbon Monoxide

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