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Example research essay topic: Directly Or Indirectly Animal Farm - 2,088 words

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An analysis of Eric Arthur Blair's writing George Orwell is one of the most famous authors of dystopian fiction. He skillfully incorporates many literary devices, symbols and themes in a unique blend that is all his own; this demonstrates his style. As a satirist he attempts to convey his feelings about many issues using his unique style. One can find a reoccurring style in two of his most famous books: Animal Farm and 1984. Orwell's style is one that is used frequently throughout his literature. Authors often utilize these types of literary devices in their writing to ridicule or satire the society around them, or to provide a warning against what could potentially happen to the world.

In each of these two novels he attempts to accomplish a certain goal. In 1984 Orwell warns against leaders who are hungry for power. These people would not hesitate to deprive individuals of everyday freedom if it meant prolonging their control, he also warns against excessive censorship. Similarly, George Orwell uses Animal Farm to warn against the deceitfulness that accompanies communism, fascism, socialism and Marxism. George Orwell's techniques are plentiful and he uses his genius to express his message. Political purpose is his main reason and theme that reoccurs within both Animal Farm and 1984.

Although his intent is to influence people, he disguises his thoughts and opinions in his incredible stories. He uses Animal Farm as a cute little story in which there is a much deeper meaning and he uses Winston Smith as a representative of himself and his ideology. Understanding the ideology behind such symbolic works are the first steps to grasping the style of George Orwell's work and thus symbolism becomes his greatest asset in his quest to inform the world. George Orwell's use of political purpose, although a very broad term, plays a huge role in both Animal Farm as well as 1984. Orwell's political views, especially his distrust of mass media, are characterized through Winston Smith in 1984. Spending time working for the British Broadcasting Company (BBC), Orwell was exposed to a lot of stretched truths and negative propaganda.

This led to a huge distrust for those in power aa well as the distrust in the information distributed to and received by the general public from them. Orwell discusses how history is changed by whoever is in power. Orwell hated totalitarianism, mainly because of its lies, and so he saw it as the enemy. If any person or powerful group finds a fact damaging or conflicting with their goal, that person can easily change it by the way in which it is reported. "A certain degree of truthfulness was possible so long as it was admitted that a fact may be true even if you don't like it. " (Revising history).

He is supporting his ideas with an example familiar to most. Orwell's own distrust is apparent in his creation of the Ministry of Truth. It is here where Winston, the main character, is employed forming propaganda and changing past facts to comply with whatever lies Big Brother, the government, is telling the people. Orwell's political opinions are voiced in Winston's role in the government. Orwell's characteristic thoughts, opinions and political views are also expressed through Winston Smiths own views and writings, serving as an almost direct representation. Although Orwell published his opinions in books and essays and Winston wrote in a diary, they both believed strongly in their opinions and views.

Orwell was against totalitarianism and used Winston to reflect that stance when he wrote against INGSOC (English Socialism). INGSOC is the policy by which the government of Oceania, where Winston lived, was run. Although both Winston and Orwell recognize their objective is hopeless, they still cling to the hope that maybe through their words and descriptions, they might, even for a moment alter another's thinking. Orwell writes: "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it" (Why I write). Orwell wanted to expose the truth. Winston and Orwell both seem to be understood.

Winston writes in his diary, "Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious" (1984 61). Orwell's motive was not to create some wonderful, entertaining work, instead, he seeks to reveal lies and make his views known by exposing them to the public (Why I write). In his essay entitled "Why I Write" Orwell explains one of his main reasons for writing with political purpose. He has a desire to alter peoples political opinions and to change the world. Orwell needed to have a purpose in life, as did Winston. A boring, redundant lifestyle was not enough for Winston; he felt the need to make a difference.

He became obsessed with the government, politics and his rebellion against them. Orwell's opinions, and goal to expose the truth to the public was voiced constantly through Winston Smith's character. Another device that Orwell uses is historical impulse, or a desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity... In a peaceful age I might have written ornate or merely descriptive books, and might have remained almost unaware of my political loyalties. As it is I have been forced into becoming a sort of pamphleteer Then came Hitler, the Spanish Civil War, etc.

By the end of 1935 I had still failed to reach a firm decision. The Spanish war and other events in 1936 - 37 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it. It seems to me nonsense, in a period like our own, to think that one can avoid writing of such subjects. Everyone writes of them in one guise or another. It is simply a question of which side one takes and what approach one follows.

And the more one is conscious of one's political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing one's aesthetic and intellectual integrity. " (Why I write) As Orwell himself stated in his essay Why I Write, the influence of history and the present has an inevitable influence on a writer of any time. Orwell is placing Winston Smith in the situation of instances and events that he has personally witnessed. These obvious institutions of his comparisons throughout these works are truly a reflection of the current events occurring at some point in his life and his approval or disapproval concurrent with them. Animal Farm begins by introducing Mr.

Jones, the master of the farm, who is too drunk to shut the portal in the henhouse. The owner of Manor Farm also forgets to milk the cows, a physically serious mistake, and is irresponsible toward the rest of his animals. One of the cows breaks into the store shed and Mr. Jones and his helpers try to fight off the hungry animals. "A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart track that led to the main road, with the animals pursuing them in triumph. " Then, "almost before they knew what was happening, the Rebellion had been successfully carried through - Jones was overthrown, and the Manor Farm was theirs. " (Animal Farm 13) Yet with the revolution successful, there are greater dangers than the threat of invasion and counter-revolution. The ultimate corruption of the revolution is foreshadowed. "They raced back to the farm building to wipe out the last traces of Jones' hated reign... the reins, the halters, the degrading nosebags, were thrown onto the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard.

So were the whips. " (Animal Farm 21) Although it resembles the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalin, it is more meaningfully a representation of all political revolutions, where the revolutionary ideas of justice, equality, and alliance shatter in the event. Orwell paints a harsh picture of the political 20 th century, a time he believed marked the end of human freedom. To avoid such a government, the pigs establish a set a regulations by which all were to abide by. The Seven Commandments: 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2.

Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal.

The struggle for supremacy between Leon Trotsky and Stalin emerges in the rivalry between the pigs Snowball and Napoleon. In both the historical and fictional cases, the idealistic but politically less powerful figure (Trotsky and Snowball) is expelled from the revolutionary state by the malicious and violent beholder of power (Stalin and Napoleon). The removal and trials with which Stalin eliminated his enemies and secured his political state, find expression in Animal Farm as the false confessions and executions of animals whom Napoleon distrusts following the collapse of the windmill. Stalin's tyrannical rule and eventual neglect of the founding principles of the Russian Revolution are represented by the pigs turn to violent government and the adoption of human traits and behaviors, the trappings of their original oppressors. Although Orwell believed strongly in socialist ideas, he felt that the Soviet Union realized these ideas in a terribly perverse form. His novella creates its most powerful ironies in the moments in which Orwell depicts the corruption of Animalist ideas by those in power.

Animal Farm serves not so much to condemn dictatorship or tyranny as to chastise the horrifying hypocrisy of tyrannies that base themselves on, and owe their initial power to, ideologies of liberation and equality. The gradual disintegration and perversion of the Seven Commandments illustrates this hypocrisy with vivid force, as do Squealers elaborate philosophical reason for the pigs deliberately unprincipled actions. Thus, the novella critiques the violence of the Stalinist regime against the human beings it ruled, and also points to Soviet communism's violence against human logic, language, and ideas. Animal Farm is the story of a revolution gone wrong. Animalism, Communism, and Fascism are all references that are used by the pigs as a means of satisfying their gluttony and desire for power.

So long as the animals cannot remember the past, because it is being continually altered, they will have no control over the present and hence over the future. This story illustrates the crucial disgust of the human condition. There are always pigs in every society, and they will always desire power. It is the "human nature" of the animals that defeats them. Understanding the ideology behind such symbolic works are the first steps to grasping the style of George Orwell's work in Animal Farm and 1984. As discussed earlier, Orwell's main goal is to affect one in their opinions with his usage of political purpose.

The untrained reader frequently misunderstands his intentions, they mistake it as an entertaining story solely existing for the sake of literature. These mistakes are common because of the pleasant nature of the book as a fictional story. If one were to read these novels and not perceive the opinions and information that George Orwell wishes to portray, it would simply be a waste of effort on his part. He uses several different literary devices that, in compilation, provide a framework for his writing style. Symbolism is a major device used in both 1984 as well as Animal Farm. Throughout London, Winston sees posters showing a man gazing down over the words BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU (1984 2) everywhere he goes.

Big Brother is the representative of the Party. The citizens are told that he is the leader of the nation and the head of the Party. Winston can never determine whether or not he actually exists. The face of Big Brother symbolizes the Party in its public expression and is a reassurance to most people, but he is also an open threat (one cannot escape his gaze). Big Brother also symbolizes the ambiguity with which the higher ranks of the Party present; it is impossible to know who really rules Oceania, what life is like for the rulers, or why they act as they do. Winston thinks he remembers that Big Brother emerged around 1960, but the Partys official records date Big Brother...


Free research essays on topics related to: directly or indirectly, animal farm, george orwell, democratic socialism, winston smith

Research essay sample on Directly Or Indirectly Animal Farm

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