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... 25 October 2003 < web >. ~Told me about the battle on the Mississippi: Meanwhile, on April 6, 1862, the largest battle on the North American continent up to that time was being fought near a unassuming West Tennessee Methodist meeting house called Shiloh Church. Grant's Army of the Tennessee was camped near Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River ~Gave me the name of G. Buell: He was awaiting the arrival of General Buell's Army of the Ohio ~Told me the numbers of men and of casualties: Grant's Army of the Tennessee was camped near Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River with about 48, 000 men. He was awaiting the arrival of General Buell's Army of the Ohio with another 30, 000 troops so they could combine and advance on Corinth, Mississippi.
Johnston and Beauregard, commanding the Confederate Army of the Mississippi, could not afford to wait until the two Federal forces united. With about 44, 000 men, they advanced north from Corinth with the intent of striking Grant before Buell could join him. Ideally, Johnston would have preferred to await the arrival of Van Dorn's Trans-Mississippi command with another 15, 000 men, but time was running out. Source Card Number 2 Jingle, Curtis.
Epic Battles of the Civil War. The American Civil War Overview. Shotguns Home of American Civil War. 22 November 2003 < web >. ~Told me about the surrendering of Shermans army: Finally part of the Southern Army, Shermans forces to be exact, formally surrendered on April 26, 1865 at Durham Station, North Carolina. ~Told me about the eventual surrendering of the entire Confederate army: Other Confederate resistance came to an end following additional Federal offensives by Wilson's cavalry corps into the Alabama heartland and Canby's operations against Mobile. The Trans-Mississippi Confederates also lay down their arms in May and June.
The last Confederate general to capitulate, Brigadier General Stand Water, leader of the Confederate Cherokees, surrendered to Federal forces on June 23, 1865. ~Told me how long the battle lasted: After four long and bloody years, the American Civil War had finally ended. Source Card Number 3 Brasher, Michael. Chronological Civil War. A Look into Our History. Virginia Historical Online. 12 May 2004 < web >. ~Told me about Zollicoffer: Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer was ordered to occupy the Cumberland Gap with a command of raw recruits to bolster Johnston's weak right flank. ~Introduced me to the Gap incident: ordered to occupy the Cumberland Gap ~Told me about how Jonhstons troops and Zollicoffer's troops first met: To correct these shortcomings, General Johnston immediately appealed for more troops and appointed Major General Earl Van Dorn as the ranking general over both Price and McCulloch as the new year of 1862 rolled in.
Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer was ordered to occupy the Cumberland Gap with a command of raw recruits to bolster Johnston's weak right flank. Source Card Number 4 Schroeder, Jay. American Civil War. e History Homepage. e History. 19 February 2005 < web >. ~Told me how the Civil War was started: The incident that began the Civil War involved the demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter, in Charleston, South Carolina. On April 11, 1861, Brigadier General Pierre G.
T. Beauregard requested that the fort be surrendered. ~Told me the outcome of it: The fort was evacuated by steamer on April 14. The following day Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75, 000 militia to serve for ninety days to put down "combinations too powerful to be suppressed" by the ordinary mechanism of government. The Civil War had begun. ~Told me the generals involved: The Federal commander, Major Robert Anderson, refused. On April 12, 1861, Captain George S. James fired the first shot of the war from a Confederate artillery battery.
Artillery exchanges continued through April 13, when terms of capitulation were finally agreed to. Source Card Number 5 Basler, Roy. Emancipation Proclamation. Abraham Lincoln. The United States Civil War Database. 31 March 2005 < web >. ~Told me about the Emancipation Proclamation: The proclamation by Lincoln served to polarize the yet uncommitted states into action ~Told me the sides that states were on: Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee severed their ties with the Union, unwilling to supply troops to fight against their sister Southern states. The border states of Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky, while providing soldiers to both armies, were kept under Federal control. ~Told me what polarized means: served to polarize the yet uncommitted states into action.
Source Card Number 6 Not, Al. Statistical Summary of the Civil War Index of Civil War Information Available on the Internet. The United States Civil War Database. 13 May 2001 < web >. ~Told me some percentages: one-third of who were slaves; with about 92 % of the country's industrial capacity ~Told me population numbers: The population of the Confederate states was about nine million, almost one-third of who were slaves. The Union states could count twenty-two million individuals and had a steady stream of immigrants. ~Told me the industrial situation: The South had only two main east-west railroad lines and limited ability to manufacture locomotives or rolling stock. Most of the known deposits of coal, iron ore and copper were in the North, together with about 92 % of the country's industrial capacity. The Navy remained loyal to the Union and most of the merchant shipping was Northern-owned.
If the South was to achieve victory, it would be against long odds. Source Card Number 7 Flachmeier, Jeanette. Civil Wars Greatest. The Handbook of Texas Online. Red River Authority of Texas. 13 April 2005 < web t / people /as JOHNSTON. cfm>. ~Told me about some of the wars and conditions of the troops: Albert Sidney Johnston, who was regarded by many as the South's finest general, arrived to take command of the Western Department in mid-September, 1861.
He could hardly have been pleased with the situation he found. He counted only 20, 000 troops, most raw and ill-equipped, between the Appalachian Mountains to the east and the Mississippi River. In the Trans-Mississippi Theater, despite a Confederate victory at Wilson's Creek, Missouri on August 10, 1861, Southern Generals Price and McCulloch exhibited a lack of cooperation which only vaguely suggested they were on the same side. ~Told me about Johnston's Achilles Heel: Johnston's Achilles' heel proved to be the combination of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers and their paths into vital Confederate territory. ~Told me about the worry Johnston went through over his bridges: Although the Tennessee plunged deep into the heart of the Confederacy, Johnston's immediate concern was the Cumberland which curved past Clarksville, Tennessee (the site of the South's second largest ironworks) and Nashville, his base of supply. If Union gunboats were allowed to freely ply this river, his railway bridges would be quickly destroyed and his supply situation ruined. Source Card Number 8 Eastham, Tarrant. The First Kentucky Cavalry.
Wild Riders of the First Kentucky Cavalry. Union Regiments of Kentucky. 2 June 1997 < web > ~Told me about the Bluff and Bluster technique: Johnston kept them from doing this by a combination of bluff and bluster. The theatrics were brilliant while they lasted but the first crack in Johnston's facade appeared on his right flank. It came about, not due to any Federal offensive movement, but because of General Zollicoffer's inexperience. ~Gave more detail of the Cumberland incident: Brigadier General Crittenden was sent east to assume command of the right wing and found Zollicoffer was camped on the wrong (north) side of the unfordable Cumberland River. He was facing Brigadier General George H. Thomas' Federal command which was twice as large as his own.
Crittenden ordered him to move back to the south bank, but in early January, Zollicoffer was still on the north side of the river. To compound problems, the Federal forces were starting to advance. Suddenly realizing his desperate circumstances, Zollicoffer launched a dawn attack on the Federal encampment at Mill Springs, Kentucky in January. The attack failed and Zollicoffer was killed when he mistakenly rode into the Federal lines thinking the troops were his own men, although most of his command managed to escape to the south bank of the river. ~Told me how Johnston lost: Johnston's right flank had collapsed, but it did not prove to be his undoing. Thomas attempted to advance toward Nashville, but the barren nature of the region during the winter months stopped him about sixty miles short of his objective. Source Card Number 9 Bowman, Andrew.
Andrew Jackson Smith. This Land is Your Land. LWF Communications. 15 January 1995 < web > ~Told me about Fort Henry and Fort Donation: Fort Henry and Fort Donelson were built by the Confederates on the Tennessee and Cumberland, respectively, to block the rivers and prevent just this type of disaster. The forts were constructed at a point where the rivers were only twelve miles apart. ~Told me about
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