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Example research essay topic: Political Parties Of Kazakhstan - 1,579 words

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... now about the activity of the RNPK is informational blockade (newspapers issued by the party were closed) and impossibility to hold rallies. According to Mr. Kossanov, there are weak and strong sides of the party. Strong points are ideas, good structure, representative offices abroad, and intellectual potential.

Disadvantage of the party is informational blockade. This party did not participate in the elections of 1999. The other party is the Party of People's Congress. The party is in a loyal (constructive) opposition to power. It withdrew its candidates from the elections of 1999 recognizing elections as non-legitimate.

It stands for changing Constitution of 1995 which, according to the leaders of the party, does not correspond to the democratic norms. Considering party system of Kazakhstan, it is important to talk about the opposition. According to the experts, despite the presence of opposition parties in the republic such as Communist Party of Kazakhstan, Republican National Party of Kazakhstan, and other political movements, the opposition did not become a real element of the political system of Kazakhstan. It can be explained by a number of factors. 1) The opposition does not have a real support of the population. First of all, a majority of population does not participate in political processes. They are more concerned about their daily life.

In addition, many people are satisfied with the present relatively stable situation in the country and don't want to change anything. Some of them believe that the situation may become worse in case of sharp political struggle between the power and the opposition. However, some experts believe that in the conditions of persistent crisis, the majority of population will be able to support the opposition. 2) The governing elite does not recognize the opposition... The power ignores constructive proposals of the opposition on socio-economic and political development of Kazakhstan. If there is no a dialog between the power and the opposition, it is hard to talk about real influence of the opposition on the politics of Kazakhstan 3) There are disagreements within the opposition itself. The leaders can't agree what common political and socio-economic policy they should pursue.

In view of all these problems, the opposition of Kazakhstan experiences difficulties to come to power and participate in the decision-making process of the country. The situation of political parties is aggravating by the absence of a well-defined and elaborated law on political parties. For example, according to the Constitution of Kazakhstan, parties don' have state financial support. As a result parties have to find finances through membership fees or their commercial activities. The absence of state financial support can slow down the development of the party system and strong political parties of Kazakhstan. The lack of finances may cause low participation of the parties in the parliamentary elections, which require significant financial expenditures.

The other difficulty faced by the parties is the procedure of registration. To create a political party, it is necessary to collect signatures of 3, 000 people and pay registration fee. This procedure makes it difficult to create new parties from "below." Multi party system of Kazakhstan is a real factor. However, despite the number of political parties, they are weak and don't have strong social base and ideology.

According to Mr. Seidumanov, S, the head of the analytical center of the Parliament of Kazakhstan, there are some problems related to the formation of the political system in Kazakhstan. They are: - People of Kazakhstan have superficial knowledge of political parties. - Population of Kazakhstan does not recognize parties as protectors of its interests - Apathy of population is the main reason of slow development of party system. - Geographical situation. Parties concentrate their activity mainly in the big central cities.

Thus, population of Kazakhstan does not know much about political parties and does not seek to be informed about them. It can be explained by the fact that people are mostly concerned with social and economic problems of their everyday life. According to Mr. Seidumanov, people perceive parties as pressure groups that are aimed at the protection of their own interests but not coming to power. Parties do not protect interests of certain social groups.

Political parties don't play an independent role in the politics of Kazakhstan. Influence of the party in politics is determined by support on the part of the executive power and state apparatus. (For example, "Otan", Agrarian party). Influence of political parties on Kazakhstani society is limited due their small number of members, absence of wide social base and social support, weak structure, poor financing and programs. The leader of Civil political party, Mr. Persuashev, considers that party system of Kazakhstan is characterized by: -Permanent process of emergence and disappearance of political parties, -Weakness of political parties -Blurred political programs and absence of social base - Unpopularity of parties among population - Concentration of parties' activities mostly in one city and alienation of the leaders from population's interests.

However there is a number of positive factors in the party system in Kazakhstan. They are: - Political parties have different political orientation and position, which means political competition - Existence of real opposition and criticism of authority, government - Presence of bright leaders - Participation in the parliamentary elections according to the party list and availability of party fractions in the Parliament. It brought political parties to the decision - making process of the country. The main difference of political parties in Kazakhstan from NGOs of the republic is that they seek to come to power and participate in the decisions-making process. They must be a consolidating force in the democratization of Kazakhstani society as well as a linkage between society and state. Political parties became a real factor in Kazakhstan.

There are 4 main leaders: "Otan", Agrarian Party, Civil party of Kazakhstan and Communist party. They could get seats in the Parliament after the elections of 1999. Among these parties, "Otan" is the biggest one, which was created "from above." Communist Party of Kazakhstan still has a significant support of the population of the republic. Being in opposition to the government, it could get into parliament along with other "parties of power." There is a multiparty system in Kazakhstan, however, political parties don't exert a significant influence on society of Kazakhstan due to a number of factors mentioned above.

TABLE Political parties of Kazakhstan Name Registration date Leader Number Representative offices Goal Main Principals Peasant Social Democratic Party "All" (Village) March, 30, 2000 Kaliev, Gang Alimovich 37, 000 8 regions TO increase state support of the agricultural sector Protection of social and economic interests of agrarians Party of Patriots of Kazakhstan April, 2000 Kasymov, Gang 20, 000 14 regions Formation and Implementation of national revival of people of Kazakhstan Provision of sustainable development of the country, high standard of living with the emphasis on healthcare Civil Party of Kazakhstan 1998 Peruashev, Azat 105, 892 14 regions Strengthening of statehood of Kazakhstan, restoration and development of industry Formation of effective state policy (taxes, tariffs), social justice. Democratic Party of Women 1999 Sarsembaeva, Raushan 3, 500 10 regions Involvement of women into decision-making process To achieve full realization of the main principles of international conventions regarding women's rights. Republican Political Party "Otan" 1999, February Tereshchenko, Sergey 250, 000 14 regions Active participation of society in political life, democratization of society Protection and provision of social guarantees, development of market economy, formation of institutions of civil society Republican Political Labour Party 1993 Zhumagulov, Bakhytzhan 30, 000 11 regions Formation of the statehood and civil society in Kazakhstan, provision of social and legal protection To raise the prestige of labor, culture, and traditions of Kazakh people; freedom and human rights Communist Party 1995, February Abdildin, Serikbolsyn 48, 000 14 regions Creation of conditions favorable to society of freedom and social justice, based on the principles of scientific socialism. Creation of a social state with on mixed economy based on principles of scientific socialism. Republican national Party of Kazakhstan March, 1999 Kazhegeldin, Akezhan 13, 000 14 regions Law-based state with market economy; civil freedoms and human rights. Effective financial tax and investment policies, social justice, civilized from of market economy.

People's Cooperative Party of Kazakhstan 1994 Sarsenov, Umirzak 10, 000 14 regions Construction of civil society, social market economy; civil rights and freedoms The rise of people's well-being, social protection and improvement, of life conditions People's Congres of Kazakhstan 1991, reregistration in 1995 Suleimenov, Olzhas 3, 000 13 regions To came to power through elections, construction of civil society, social market economy, democratic state with civil rights and freedoms Ideas of internationalism and national agreement, rule of law; people; ownership of land. Democratic Party of Kazakhstan 1999 Abelsiitove, G Not fixed In some regions To come to power by a Constitutional way Transformation of the existing clan-oligarchic capitalism to the civilized social market economy, revival of spiritual and moral values of the Kazakhstani people Agrarian Party of Kazakhstan 1999, January Madiniov, Radio 35, 000 14 regions Protection of the interests of the agrarians and population of the rural areas, stop destruction of villages. Society with equal opportunities, high standard of living. National Party of Kazakhstan "Also" 1998 Sabetkazy, Avatar 155, 000 In some regions Revival of Kazakhstani nation, .

Independence, Democracy, Social state Socialist Party of Kazakhstan At present time this party does not participate in the political life of Kazakhstan due to internal cleavages and conflicts. 1991, October - - - Protection and provision of human rights, law based state.


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