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Example research essay topic: Find A Cure Ebola Reston - 1,511 words

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How would you like it if you died? Well that's what's happening to people in Africa. Their families die around them, spreading the deadly disease further into the ecosystem. Killing at will, this potent filoviruses sweeps through villages with reckless abandon, destroying anything and everything in it's way, and then just as mysteriously as it came, it disappears without a trace. Even with our modern technologies, we still don't really know too much about this death sentence disguised as a virus. In the following, I will do my best to teach you about Ebola, its cousins, where it's from, possible cures, effects, and so on.

If we want to, we can find a cure. We control our destiny, and it's up to us to find an anecdote to this killing machine. The Ebola virus is a highly contagious filoviruses that can be transmitted by re-use of unsterilized syringes, needles, and directly transferring it by contact of bodily fluids that contain high levels, or "bricks" of virus. Aerosol transmission cannot be counted out, but water vapor containing secretions of Ebola are known to spread the infection. Seeing that Ebola can be spread in numerous ways, including being spread from animal to human, and visa-versa, monkey handlers who work with Ebola ridden monkeys have broken out with the infamous hemorragic fever. The animal-to-human spread of the virus has also killed off African tribes that eat animals with high titers of the deadly virus.

Ebola is an infectious disease of many faces. It has strains, such as Making, or Cardinal, which are mainly named after people, or places that they are discovered in. Strains are slightly different versions of a certain virus. Ebola's three types that are known are: Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, and Ebola Reston. Ebola Zaire was first discovered in 1976 in Zaire. It is the deadliest disease of all of the Ebola strains with a 9 out of 10 kill rate (see fig. 1 - 1).

Ebola Sudan kills over 1 / 2 of the people it comes in contact with. It was discovered in 1976 also. Ebola Reston was named after Reston, Virginia, which had a shipment of cynomolgus macaques, a type of monkey, infect a whole monkey house with Ebola. Ebola Reston has never killed anyone, but it killed 80 % of the monkeys that it devastated. Ebola also has a very close cousin, Marburg. Under an electron microscope, they are clearly filoviradae.

Filoviruses are characterized by their notorious for their nucleotide with strands, or "tails", which make it look like a "cheerio with a tail." Marburg, which obliterates one in four of its victims, was named after a city in Germany. Marburg, Germany received a shipment of Marburg monkeys from Uganda that infected 31 people, killing 7 of them. In later years five more people broke out with the dire Marburg virus, destroying all but one of them. Marburg and Ebola both have to be identified under an electron microscope. Marburg was discovered before Ebola (see fig. 1 - 2), so when Ebola Zaire swept through Africa in 1976, it was mistaken as milder version, Marburg. Ebola has been traced to Africa, where the majority of cases occur, and the Philippines, in which monkeys had been found with Ebola Reston.

Most of our knowledge of Ebola came in 1976, when the biggest outbreak occurred. It stormed through Zaire wiping out complete villages. In all 550 cases were reported with 430 fatalities When USAMRIID led an investigation to find where Ebola was found in nature, they traced it to Kitum Cave, in Zaire. As Colonel Gene Johnson said, "I'm completely sure we have finally found the true hiding place of Ebola. " After extensive testing of nearly 10, 000 animals and insects, they found no trace of Ebola.

Other expeditions followed, with the same disappointments as the Kitum Cave search. Ebola and other filoviruses kill people by decomposing the body before it does away with its victims. Usually their organs liquefy before they "crash" in a gruesome instance in which blood and liquefied tissue spew from every orifice in the body. The virus is composed of a nucleus, and strands of RNA, for replication. It makes its living by taking over cells and bursting them creating an amplified amount of virus. In some deaths, the virus disfigures the corpse so badly that it is not recognizably human.

Once you get Ebola chances of survival are minimal. With all that Ebola can do, we still haven't found a certain cure. Radiation therapy had been used with little effects on the virus itself, it slowed the replication by destroying RNA, but there was too much of the virus to kill and it was unproved that it worked, seeing as it was tested on only a few people. In all the cases of people were too weak and died from the radiation therapy. Also tried was survivors' plasma.

When enough was used, it reduced the death rate up to 30 % but it also is not a definite cure for Ebola, or its subtypes. To the best of our knowledge, there still is no cure for the dreaded disease. All mammals can contact Ebola, and spread it to other mammals, insects and reptiles have been found to contract Ebola through extensive testing in the CDC located in Atlanta, Georgia. The main animal that gets the virus seems to be monkeys, but since there has never been a case of Ebola found in nature, this has never been confirmed, but it cannot be discounted. Ebola seems to travel fast in a chain reaction that is similar to an ant trap. The only difference is the person contacts it and spreads it to other people, not an ant, killing almost everyone, and then it "hibernates." We think that Ebola kills so fast that it doesn't have a chance to represent itself in other victims.

In a way, Ebola is the only reason it doesn't spread around the world on a fatal rampage. It seems to kill itself by killing us. Another reason is the fact that we set up tight customs wherever an outbreak occurs. The 1976 outbreak had the potential to wipe out the whole world, but anyone from the area was isolated for 18 days before traveling to a different country. An unpredictable virus, Ebola destroys hundreds and disappears. Since no one knows a cure for it, it is extremely hard to contain, and even when it's "contained", it kills at another place without warning.

One of the main contributors to the outbreaks have been its symptoms, which are similar to the common flu and malaria in the beginning. Filoviruses are diagnosed by their symptoms. It is especially hard to diagnose a single case of Hemorragic Fever, but when a cluster of cases occur, it is usually diagnosed correctly. Symptoms of Hemorragic Fever include diarrhea, bruises, rashes of blood spots known as a maculopopular rash, black vomit (which is dead tissue and blood produced from Ebola), glassy eyes, weight loss, other bacterial infections, headache, and even hiccups.

These symptoms are almost identical to malaria, Lassa, Rift Valley Fever, yellow fever, and the common influenza. These symptoms make it all the more difficult to diagnose a case of Ebola. When working with a patient or corpse that has Ebola, personnel are required to take all the precautions of a level four hot zone (the highest level). These include a "space suit" with a battery powered respirator, five pairs of gloves, no sharp objects that aren't required for the procedure, and a chemical shower.

These precautions basically eliminate the chance of personnel working with Ebola to contact it. To detect Ebola in an autopsy-perhaps-one could do a number of things, they could: use ultraviolet rays to detect Ebola in smears of tissue, cell cultures, isolation in animals, immunohistochemistry on a fixed tissues (using a regular microscope to detect small differences in microscopic objects, such as a virus), and the use of an electron microscope. Ebola contains the same amino acids as in the body. Among these proteins is SGP which is thought to be what links Ebola to humans. Ebola truly is an RNA virus which spreads through proteins secreted in the viruses themselves.

With this information we may be on the verge of genetically morphing the virus to be virtually harmless. RNA, which copies the virus, would not be able to produce, so the progression of the virus would be impossible. By doing this we would beat the virus at its own game of virion morphology (the process in which the virus drastically changes to take on completely new characteristics), which is what makes it so inavadable. Now that you know the bare facts of the Ebola virus, don't you think it's kind of remarkable? Not in a good way, of course, but in the way that it is able to scare you senseless.

Would you like to die from a Viral Hemorragic Fever, I didn't think so. So in order to stop it, we have to work together to find a cure.


Free research essays on topics related to: ebola zaire, electron microscope, ebola sudan, ebola reston, find a cure

Research essay sample on Find A Cure Ebola Reston

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