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Example research essay topic: Substance Abuse Treatment Criminal Justice System - 1,520 words

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... ve and deadly drugs is cocaine. It can be injected, snorted, or smoked. It carries the risk of HIV if it is injected. Cocaine significantly speeds up the neuro transmissions in the nervous system.

It accelerates the heart rate while simultaneously constricting the blood vessels, which are trying to adjust to the heightened blood flow. Temperature and blood pressure rise. Pupils dilate. A stroke, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, or seizures may accompany the physical changes induced by the use of cocaine.

Cocaine may trigger paranoia, anxiety, irritability, and restlessness. Depression occurs when denied of the drug. Cocaine requires abusers to take more and more to reach the same level of stimulation. It may also cause nasal problems such as congestion and runny nose. The mucous membrane in the nose may disintegrate with prolonged usage.

The nasal septum may also collapse. Different kinds of cocaine include free-base and crack. Free-base is smoked. It is extremely dangerous because the cocaine reaches the brain almost instantly, causing a sudden and intense high. However, when it disappears, it leaves the abuser with an enormous craving, resulting in increased usage. Crack is a kind of cocaine that is snorted.

It comes in small lumps or shavings. It has become a major problem because it is very inexpensive and easily transported. While under the influence of Cocaine. The drug addict may become more violent. Like marijuana there is no evidence which links cocaine use to crime. However, cocaine users have a history of either being involved in the sale of drugs, the use of drugs, crime not related to drugs, or any combination of the three.

Evidence has also show that there is a relationship between cocaine users and the variety of illegal dealings. Heroin is an illegal opiate drug, which is extremely addictive. It requires persistent, repeated use and, if the abuser attempts to stop, there are painful physical withdrawal symptoms. Heroin use causes insomnia, panic, nausea, and shallow breathing.

Heroin is generally injected into a vein. Because of this kind of drug entry, the risk of contracting diseases such as HIV is high. Contamination of heroin with cutting agents, equipment that is not sterile, uncertain dosage levels and the use of heroin in addition to other drugs can cause cardiac disease, inflammation of the veins, skin abscesses and serum hepatitis. There is no way to tell the potency of the drug, so any trip could lead to overdose coma or possible death. Heroin during pregnancy is associated with miscarriages and stillbirths. Babies who are born by addicted mothers must undergo withdrawal symptoms after birth and usually have development problems.

Symptoms include nausea, respiratory depression (which can progress until breathing stops), and drowsiness. Symptoms of a heroin overdose include coma, convulsions, clammy skin, pinpoint pupils, and shallow breathing. Heroin is the most commonly used drug related to crime. Heroine addicts are not generally violent.

Heroine addicts generally commit money-producing crimes. Heroine addicts often are seeking funds, by any means in order to obtain another fix. PCP is a hallucinogen. It alters consciousness, mood, and sensation and distorts visual sensation, taste, smell, touch, or hearing. The abuser experiences a profound departure from reality. He / she is capable of severe disorientation and bizarre behavior.

These PCP-induced effects may lead to injuries or death while under the influence. When it is used regularly or chronically, judgment, concentration, perception functions, and memory are affected. It may lead to permanent changes in thinking, memory, and motor skills. Addicted mothers deliver babies who have motor, auditory, and visual problems. They may also have reactions similar to that of someone who is under the influence of PCP. People, who are chemically dependent of PCP, are usually committing crimes that generate funds.

These crimes are generally not committed to support their habit. PCP is the most commonly drug used among the correctional population. The last physical change resulting form drug use is withdrawal. Withdrawal stems from the discontinuance of administration of a drug. When withdrawal transpires, there are certain physical symptoms that occur when the abuser is dependent on the drug. The physical symptoms the chemical dependent may have are nausea, diarrhea, and pain, but they vary between drugs.

Cocaine abusers report depression when denied the drug. Since heroin is a very addictive drug, it has many withdrawal symptoms. Example are, insomnia, muscle cramps, nausea, sweating, chills, panic, tremors, loss of appetite, yawning, runny nose, and watery eyes. Many inmates participate in outpatient drug treatment, which includes a range of protocols, from highly professional psychotherapy to informal peer discussions.

Counseling services vary considerably and include individual, group, or family counseling; peer group support; vocational therapy; and cognitive therapy. Aftercare, considered necessary to prevent relapse, typically consists of 12 -step meetings, periodic group or individual counseling, recovery training or self-help and relapse prevention strategies, and / or vocational counseling. For those needing more intensive rehabilitative services during the transition or aftercare phase, residential treatment is sometimes provided. Many inmates in the judicial system are offer alternatives to their drug problem.

Those who utilize these alternatives do so that they may not have to serve jail time. One such organization that offers this type of program is the Behavioral Health Service Inc. The Behavior Health Services Inc. offer this type of structure at the Pacifica House. Behavioral Health Services Inc. is an establishment that provides a comprehensive, system of healthcare programs and community education which enhance the prevention and rehabilitation of conditions that reduce the individual to live to the fullest extent.

The Behavioral Health Services, Inc. has prided provided a continuum of substance abuse treatment services, which meets the needs of most chemically dependent patients, since 1973. The Behavioral Health Services, Inc. programs are based on the philosophy that recovery from addiction is a life long process. Their services are based on abstinence, 12 -step involvement, and family participation and relapse prevention.

Pacifica House (Drug and Alcohol Treatment Program) The Behavioral Health Services Inc. has several treatment centers. One of which is called the Pacifica House. The Pacifica House is located in Hawthorne California. This treatment center services chemically dependent men and women. The men and women who enter the program are sometime mandated by the court to enter the program.

The Pacifica House is a residential coed drug and alcohol abuse treatment program. The Pacifica House offers long term and short term treatment services for the chemical dependent individual. The length of stay is dependent upon the individual. The Pacifica House is funded by the Los Angeles County Department of health Services, Alcohol and Drug Programs Administration. Services offered by the Pacifica House are in a structured environment. Participants are offered comprehensive treatment services including individualized treatment planning, educational groups, individual and group counseling.

The services are available in Spanish and English. The Pacifica House accepts men and women 18 years of age and older. The individual must be detoxified and capable of self-care upon entering the program. Once accepted the individual will be assessed. Individual are able to participate in a wide variety of programs. Programs such as family counseling, dual diagnose groups, relapse prevention, urinalysis/ drug screen testing, referral to community services (i.

e. job placement), HIV/AIDS education, aftercare, 12 step groups and alumni services. For several decades, drug use has shaped the criminal justice system. Drug and drug-related offenses are the most common crime in nearly every community. Drug offenders move through the criminal justice system in a predictable pattern: arrest, prosecution, conviction, and incarceration, release. In a few days, weeks, or months, the same person may be picked up on a new charge and the process begins again.

Studies have shown successes for inmates in treatment programs. This proves the need to attack drug crime with treatment programs. The results say loud and clear that intensive, institutional drug treatment, when followed by structured transitional support and supervision, makes our communities safer and gives offenders a real opportunity to turn their lives around. It is extremely a difficult and complex to prove that crimes that are caused by the drug user, are caused because of the drug use. The drug user may be prone to a life of crime regardless of the drugs, however the drug use only enhances the individuals unfortunate and terrible situation.

What is most important is through the proper drug treatment a drug offender can become a productive, positive member of society. Bibliography: Bibliography 1. Drugs and Crime Facts 1994. (NCJ 154053). Washington, DC: U. S.

Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 1995. 2. The Effectiveness of Treatment for Chemical dependencys Under Criminal Justice Supervision. Lipton, D. , Washington, DC, National Institute of Justice Research Report, November 1995 3. Field, G. Oregon prison drug treatment programs.

In C. Leukefeld and F. Tims (eds. ), Chemical dependency Treatment in Prisons and Jails. Research monograph series # 108. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Chemical dependency, 1992.

Wexler, H. , 4. Falling, G. , and Lipton, D. Outcome evaluation of a prison therapeutic community for substance abuse treatment. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17, pp 71 - 92, 1990. 5. Administrator of the Pacifica House; Ron Simmons


Free research essays on topics related to: chemically dependent, criminal justice system, substance abuse treatment, men and women, drug and alcohol

Research essay sample on Substance Abuse Treatment Criminal Justice System

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