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Example research essay topic: World War Ii States And The Soviet Union - 1,275 words

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... Russia would keep order in Europe as local superpowers. The U. S. would act as a world wide mediator. Roosevelt also hoped for the creation of an Anglo-American-Russia world police force.

However, he underestimated the power of the Russian ideology. He believed that the Russians would back away from communism for the sake of greater stability in the West. Roosevelt saw the Soviet Union as a country like any other, regardless of its preoccupation with security (Over 216). Such as the safety corridor in Eastern Europe that Stalin insisted on. Yet Roosevelt thought this could be explained by the cultural and It was not thought unreasonable to request a barrier of satellite states to provide a sense of security, given that the Soviet Union had been invaded at least four times since 1904 (Ovyany 98). It was felt that granting the Soviet Union some territory in Eastern and Central Europe would satisfy their political desires for territory.

Yet after World War II, Soviet expansion and their quest for acquiring territory seemed unlimited. Roosevelt felt that the position in Eastern Europe, vis -- vis the Soviet Union, was analogous to that of Latin America, vis -- vis the United States (Dukes 46). He saw that there should be definite spheres of influence, as long as it was clear that the Soviet Union was not to interfere with the governments of the affected nations. Author Tony Smith states the reason that Roosevelt did not object to a large portion of Eastern Europe coming under the totalitarian control of the Soviet Union was that he believed the weakness in the Soviet economy caused by the war would require Stalin to seek Western aid (9). Therefore opening the Russians to Western influence. Many historians feel that Roosevelt was simply naive to believe that the Soviet Union would act in such a way.

Writer, Arthur Schlesinger saw the geopolitical and ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union. He stressed that the ideological differences were the most important the two nations were constructed on opposite and profoundly antagonistic principles. They were divided by the most significant and fundamental disagreements over human rights, individual liberties, cultural freedom, the role of civil society, the direction of history, and the destiny of man (45). Yet it is much easier to comment on events of the past with the hindsight that Stalin's views regarding the possibility of reconciliation between the Soviet Union and the West were similar. He thought that the Russian Revolution created two converse camps: Anglo-America and Soviet Russia. Stalin felt that the best way to ensure the continuation of the communist world revolution was to continually annex the countries bordering the Soviet Union, instead of attempting to foster revolution in the more advanced industrial societies (Dukes 102).

The creation of the Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe did not come as a total surprise. Roosevelt thought that Americas position after the war, vis -- vis the rest of the world, would put him in a very good position to impose his view of the post-war world order. Others predicted that after the German defeat, the Russians would be able to impose any territorial settlement desired in Central Europe and the Balkans. World War II caused the Soviet Union to rapidly evolve from a military farce, to a military superpower (Dukes 102). In 1940, it was hoped that if the Soviet Union was attacked, they could hold off long enough for the West to help fight them off with reinforcements. In 1945, the Soviet Army was marching triumphantly through Berlin.

It could have been said that this event was planned by Stalin in the same way that Roosevelt seemed to have planned to achieve world supremacy (Smith 87). Even though Stalin desired to see Russian dominance in Europe, he did not have a systematic plan to achieve it. Stalin was an opportunist and a skillful one. He demanded that Britain and America recognize territory gained by the Soviet Union in pacts and treaties that it had signed with Stalin's main plan seemed to be to conquer all the territory that his armies could reach, and to create socialist states within it. From this it can be seen that one of the primary reasons for the superpower rivalry was Roosevelt's misunderstanding of the Soviet system. Writer Elena Aga-Rossi states Roosevelt and his advisors thought that giving the Soviet Union control of Central and Eastern Europe, would result in the creation of states controlled somewhat similar to the way in which the United States controlled Cuba after the Platt Amendment (70).

The State Department assumed that the USSR would simply control the foreign policy of the satellite nations, leaving the individual countries open to Western trade. This idea was alien to Soviet leaders, to be controlled by the Soviet Union at all was to become a socialist state (Ovyany 99). Stalin assumed that his form of control over these states would mean the complete Sovietization of their societies, whereas Roosevelt was blind to the internal logic of the Soviet system. Roosevelt's fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of the Soviet state can be forgiven. Once it has been realized that an apparently peaceful nature was apparent at the time, and that it had existed for a relatively short time. The United States wanted to eschew isolationism, and set an example of international cooperation-operation in a world ripe for United States leadership (Morrison 78).

Yet, another attempt from the U. S. to spread its ideology to the rest of the world. The United States believed that the world at large, especially the Third World, would be attracted to the political views of the West. The main goal of the U.

S. was to show that democracy and free trade provided citizens of a nation with a higher standard of living. It has been seen that Roosevelt and his administration thought that this appeal would extent itself into the Soviet sphere of influence. Yet, the Soviet Union was organizing its ideals around the vision of a continuing struggle between two fundamentally antagonistic ideologies (Morrison 79).

At the end of the war, the United States was in the singular position of having the worlds largest and strongest economy. This allowed them to fill the power gap left in Europe by the declining imperial powers such as France and Germany. In conclusion, both the U. S.

and the Soviet Union possessed strong ideologies. The ways in which they attempted to diffuse their ideas throughout the world after the war classifies them into the category of being superpowers. It is the global dimension of their political, military, and economic presence that makes the United States and the Soviet Union superpowers. It was also the rapid expansion of the national and international structures of the Soviet Union and the United States during the war that allowed them to assume their roles as superpowers. Aga-Rossi, Elena. Roosevelt's European Policy and the Origins of the Cold War.

Telos. Issue 96, Summer 93: 65 - 86. Divine, Robert A. The Cold War as History. Reviews in American History.

Issue 3, Dukes, Paul. The Last Great Game: Events, Conjectures, Structures. London: Printer Le Ferber, Walter. The American Age: US Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad. New Morrison, Samuel Elliot. The Two-Ocean War.

Boston: Atlantic, 1963. Over, R. J. The Origins of the Second World War.

New York: Longman Inc. , 1987. Ovyany, Igor. The Origins of World War Two. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Smith, Tony. The United States and the Global Struggle for Democracy. Americas Mission: The United States and Democracy in the Twentieth Century.

New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1995. Bibliography:


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Research essay sample on World War Ii States And The Soviet Union

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