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... age that is audible as a short (less than 1 / 75 th second) click. The fix is to split the track on 2352 -byte block boundaries. A program called "WAVECLIP" will remove. WAV headers and footers, and will either pad out the last block or remove silence from the end of a WAV file to make it an exact multiple of 2352 bytes. The program is available from web Another choice is "Strip Wave", from web If you must use track-at-once, make sure you " re writing it all in one session.
PC-based CD players may be able to see tracks in later sessions, but the CD player in your stereo system can't. A distantly related problem can arise if you use "shuffle play" to play random tracks from a CD-R. If the audio of track N begins immediately, some CD players will slide from the end of track N- 1 into the start of track N, playing a short burst of track N before seeking elsewhere. This can be avoided by putting a gap at the start of such tracks (e. g. with "INDEX 01 xx: yy: zz" in a DAO cue sheet).
Subject: [ 3 - 4 ] How do I copy game console discs (e. g. Playstation, Dreamcast) For PCs, Jeff Arnold has a utility called CDRWIN that can do this. See section (6 - 1 - 7). For Macs, take a look at Astarte's CD-Copy (section (6 - 2 - 8) ). Note that the software does NOT defeat the copy protection.
I'm told that the "copy protection" on Playstation discs is in fact a region code -- America, Europe, Japan -- encoded near the start of the disc. The "MOD chip", a device attached to the Playstation that defeats one aspect of the copy protection, emulates the country code reading process. It sends all three region codes back, enabling the game console to play original discs from other regions as well as copied discs. Some people say the code is written in a block with damaged ECC, some say it's in the barcode on the hub, others have insisted that it's in the ATIP region of the lead-in. Whatever the case, it doesn't get copied by a CD recorder, and claims of hacked recorder firmware that can create MOD-chip-free duplicates are false. Instructions for copying discs and vendors who sell MOD chips can be found by searching the net.
If you don't have a PC, or if your drive doesn't support disc-at-once recording, you will need to look for disc copying instructions on the net. Sega Dreamcast discs use a proprietary format, called GD-ROM, which can hold 1 GB of data. This could make them difficult or impossible to copy. Persistent rumors claiming that Ce Quadrat's Packet CD can copy the discs are false. GD-R (Gigabyte Disc Recordable) media has two regions, a "single-density" area near the hub and a "high-density" area farther out. A visual inspection of GD-R media suggests that the single-density area starts at about 22 mm from the disc's center (same as a CD-R) and goes to 29 mm.
From 29 mm to 31 mm is a "no-mans" land that isn't recordable, and the high-density area goes from 31 mm to 58 mm. An image of one is available on web Incidentally, posting requests or advertisements for pirated software on one of the non-warez Usenet groups is generally regarded as a mark of extreme stupidity. Whatever your opinion of software piracy, it is against the law in much of the world. Subject: [ 3 - 5 ] How do I get long filenames onto a disc? There are several different ways, most of which only work with some operating systems. The next few sections discuss the various methods.
See web for a detailed description with some examples. Getting mixed-case filenames onto a disc is a similar problem. Burning an ISO- 9660 disc with lower-case filenames isn't recommended, because some systems aren't able to access the files even though they appear in directory listings. "mk hybrid" and recent versions of "mkisofs" (1. 12 b 1 or later), described in sections (6 - 1 - 32) and (6 - 1 - 10), respectively, are able to create CDs that have both Joliet and Rock Ridge extensions. "mk hybrid" can create discs with Joliet, Rock Ridge, and Mac HFS on the same disc, sharing the same file data. Level 1 ISO- 9660 defines names to be the familiar 8 + 3 convention that MS-DOS users have suffered through for many years: eight characters for the name, a period ("full stop" for those of you in the U. K. ), followed by three characters for the file type, all in upper case.
The only allowed characters are A-Z, 0 - 9, '. ', and ' '. There's also a file version number, separated from the name by a semicolon, but it's usually ignored. Files must occupy a contiguous range of sectors. This allows a file to be specified with a start block and a count. (Most disk-based filesystems require index blocks that list all the blocks used by a file. ) The maximum directory depth is 8. Level 2 ISO- 9660 allows far more flexibility in filenames, but isn't usable on some systems, notably MS-DOS. Level 3 ISO- 9660 allows non-contiguous files, useful if the file was written in multiple packets with packet-writing software.
Some of the CD creation programs will let you select how closely you want the CD to conform to the ISO- 9660 standard. For example, Easy-CD Pro 95 can restrict filenames to be ISO- 9660 compliant, or allow the full set of valid MS-DOS filenames. (Most systems can handle MS-DOS filenames. ) Incidentally, the ISO- 9660 spec requires that all files be displayed in alphabetical order, with directories first, no matter how they are recorded on the CD-ROM. You can't arrange files on the disc, because the ISO- 9660 reader (e. g. MSCDEX) sorts them before displaying them. The Rock Ridge extensions to ISO- 9660 define a way for UNIX-isms like long mixed-case filenames and symbolic links to be supported.
Because it's still an ISO- 9660 filesystem, the files can still be read by machines that don't support Rock Ridge; they just won't see the long forms of the names. Rock Ridge is supported by UNIX systems. DOS, Windows, and the Mac don't currently support it. Copies of the Rock Ridge standard and System Use Sharing Protocol (SUSP) can be found at ftp: //ftp.
you. com / pub /rock ridge/. Pay a visit to web Ridge Amiga Specific for a description of Amiga-specific extensions. Bibliography: HFS is the Hierarchical File System, used by the Macintosh. This is used in place of the ISO- 9660 filesystem, making the disc unusable on systems that don't support HFS. At present, the systems that can read HFS CD-ROMS are Macs, Amigas (with Ami CDROM, available from ftp: //ftp.
cdrom. com / pub /amino / disk /cdrom/), PCs running Linux or OS/ 2 (with appropriate patches), the Apple IIgs, and SGI machines running Irix (they appear as Apple Double format). Some authoring packages for the Mac and Windows allow the creation of "hybrid" CDs that have both an ISO- 9660 filesystem and an HFS filesystem. Apple has defined some ISO- 9660 extensions that allow Macintosh files to exist with file and creator types on ISO- 9660 CD-ROMs. A description of the extensions is available as tech note FL 36 from: web 36. html Subject: [ 3 - 5 - 4 ] Joliet (2000 / 01 / 15) Microsoft, being Microsoft, created their own standard called "Joliet." This is currently supported by Win 95 and WinNT.
It's useful when doing backups from Win 95 onto a CD-R, because the disc is still readable as ISO- 9660 but shows the long filenames under Win 95. The limit on Joliet filenames is 64 characters. The spec can be found at web Recent versions of Linux (kernel > = 2. 0. 34 and 2. 1. 60) have Joliet support. Older versions can be patched; for details, see web To patch Joliet support into OS/ 2, visit: web 2 warp / updated /index. htm Some old Creative CD-ROM drivers have trouble with CD-ROMs that have Joliet filenames. You may need an updated copy of side 95.
exe, available from web Finder support for Joliet is not yet available on the Macintosh. You can see the long filenames with a PC emulator.
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