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Example research essay topic: Heart Rate And Blood Pressure State Of Consciousness - 1,567 words

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... s system (which controls the "fight or flight" response) to be activated. Once the sympathetic nervous system is activated, a user enters in a state of euphoria where the person may feel more activated and alert. One of the organs that the vasoconstrictor effects is the heart.

When cocaine is taken through intranasal administration, a high heart rate and blood pressure may result. These problems can lead to cardiomyopathy, the condition in which the heart contracts abnormally. "Cardiomyopathy may be caused by a direct toxic effect of cocaine on the heart. People who have cardiomyopathy are more susceptible to heart attacks and to sudden cardiac death" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 34). The reason cardiomyopathy may result is due to the sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

Cocaine also has effects on the respiratory system. An overdose of cocaine may result in respiratory arrest. A person can also obtain other respiratory problems if he or she smokes it, because of the decreased amount of transportation of oxygen to the blood. A syndrome called crack lung may result. "Patients with this syndrome may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood. Symptoms may begin almost immediately after smoking crack, or up to 48 hours after crack was last used" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 35). Out of all the organs in the human body, cocaine produces the greatest effects on the brain. "Cocaine is a very powerful drug that profoundly influences brain function" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 70).

The brain works by sending electrical impulses to every nerve cell in the body. The brain uses neurotransmitters to transport electrical impulses across the gaps that separate nerve cells. To check the effects of cocaine on the body, researchers check the production, release and breakdown of various neurotransmitters. "Neurotransmitters are broken down into a variety of metabolic end products that can be measured in urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 35). ." cocaine blocks the return (reuptake) of neurotransmitters from the synaptic space back into the presynaptic neuron (thus interfering with their metabolic breakdown). " (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 57). "High doses of cocaine and other central nervous systems stimulants also appear to increase the firing rate of dopamine-containing neurons in the brain" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 67). Dr.

Micheal Sherer demonstrated a correlation between dopamine levels and paranoia. "Dr. Sherer showed that suspiciousness and paranoia were related to an increase of homo vanillic acid, suggesting paranoia in these subjects was related to increased levels of dopamine in the brain" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 67). Cocaine can also cause psychological effects to a person. As the euphoric state decreases after frequent use, the person may feel dependent on the drug and fall into depression with and / or without it. ." cocaine can cause roller-coaster like swings between euphoria and depression.

As the frequency and intensity of cocaine use increase, the severity of the depression can increase proportionately" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 47). At this state, cocaine users may resort to suicide. He / she may feel worthless because of failed attempts of stopping the use of cocaine. Not only does cocaine affect the user, but also greatly affects the family. Cocaine, Second Edition, shows how a users addiction can hurt the rest of the family. "When 21 -year-old 'Tom' ran out of money after a cocaine binge, he asked his parents to drive him New York City to replenish his supply. When they demurred, he threatened to rob a gas station to finance his habit.

Tom's parents never found out whether he would have carried out his threat, because they gave in to his request. This scenario was repeated numerous occasions, always with the same result. Tom's parent's ultimately sold their home to continue supporting their son's habit. His mother said, 'Whenever I thought of not giving in to him, I imagined him in a shoot-out with the police and I pictured Tom dead. No matter what, I couldn't let that happen to my boy" (Weiss, Mirin, and Bartel, p. 111). Cannabis sativa is a tall plant that grows in many parts of the world.

Cannabis sativa is considered a hemp plant. It is known as the most durable of the hemp plants, and produces the toughest cloth, called canvass. This hemp plant is used for many purposes but is mostly commonly developed as a form of drug preparation to about 300 million people throughout the world (Wagmanm, 1986, p. 1376). There are many drug derivatives generated from the cannabis plant.

The most common form that is used extensively throughout the United States is the form known as marijuana. Other forms include chara's, found throughout India, and a brown powder called hashish, found in the Middle East (Wagmanm, p. 1377). This plant also produces three other important products. It produces seed, pulp, and medicine (web). The pulp is used as fuel, and to make paper. The seed of the plant is used for both human and animal foods.

The oil can be utilized as a form of base for paints and varnishes. A pigment in the plant produces medicine that can be used for a variety of purposes. Although it is legal to posses hemp in the United States, meaning the roots, stalk, and stems of the cannabis plant, it is illegal to posses marijuana, which is defined as the flowers, buds, or leaves of the cannabis plant. Therefore, the constant usage of marijuana in the United States has been a prominent drug issue throughout the years (web). The use of cannabis sativa when used in the body can be both beneficial and hurtful. The affects of cannabis sativa on the body are very interesting and sometimes different depending on the individual.

The body seems to take on a feeling of being caught between a stage half way between elation and sleepiness, with some heightened or altered perceptions (of sounds and color, for example) (Wagmanm, p. 1378). An experienced smoker will feel as if there is a slowed-down sense of time, and at times experiences mild headache or nausea. However, it has also been observed that people using large doses of marijuana, hashish, and THC have induced what they termed hallucinations and psychotic reactions (Wagmanm, p. 1378). Some people experience nothing at all if they are not expecting to feel affects on the body while smoking. Although, if a person is feeling anxiety, they may also feel panic (Wagmanm, p. 1378).

Whatever the effects may be for the individual, in most cases, any form of cannabis sativa proves to cause an altered state of consciousness throughout the body as well as strains towards a persons mental processes. It is not apparent what exact substances within the cannabis plant actually induce drug affects within the body. However, scientists have discovered three of the resins ingredients. These are chemical compounds known as cannabinoid, cannabidiol, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Tetrahydrocannabinol is a classified as a narcotic.

Its molecular formula is C 21 H 30 O 2 with a molecular weight of 314. 45. THC is an active ingredient in marijuana and causes the body to undergo relaxation states as well as leading to hallucinations and bizarre behavior (web). Cannabis is hard to classify because its properties and reactions resemble both a stimulant and depressant drug. Cannabis has also been known to have positive effects on the body when used as a medicine. There are many diseases which cannabis can be used for as a form of treatment. These diseases include multiple sclerosis, cancer treatment, AIDS, glaucoma, depression, epilepsy, migraine headaches, asthma, pruritus, scleroderma, severe pain, and dystonia.

Various chemicals in cannabis have chemical uses for treatment in the body. Cannabinol is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders. It can help in relaxing the senses and giving the body a better ability to sleep. Cannabidiolic acid is also used as a disinfectant.

AIDS patients use marijuana to treat vomiting and nausea. Studies have shown that marijuana can be effective in reducing the pressure of fluids with the eyes of patients suffering from glaucoma (Wagmanm, p. 1378). Cannabis sativa, when used in the form of medicine, can be extremely beneficial to the body. No matter what form of cannabis is extracted for use on the human body, its effects are extremely altering. A person can use its effects in a positive or negative fashion. They can use it to altar their state of consciousness when trying to escape some sort of inner conflicts or to functionally heal their ailments.

Its usage is still considered immoral throughout the United States, unless its use is for medical needs. The chemical effects of THC, cannabolinol, and cannabidiol prove to be the most important active principles within the hemp plant, and their reactions within the body are the cause of various alterations in consciousness. These three drugs have been chemically proven to cause many changes within the human body. Some changes may be positive, while others may be harmful.

Opium and cocaine are both very addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms. Even though these drugs cause chemical alterations on the body, billions of people continue to use then them throughout the world. All of these drugs are mainly used for their euphoric effects to escape the conflicts within ones personal life. "Opium, " Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000 web 1997 - 2000 Microsoft Corporation. Bibliography:


Free research essays on topics related to: cannabis plant, cannabis sativa, state of consciousness, heart rate and blood pressure, hemp plant

Research essay sample on Heart Rate And Blood Pressure State Of Consciousness

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