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Example research essay topic: Cellular Telephones Cell Phone - 1,931 words

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BOSTON A driver chatting into a cell phone as the car whizzes down the road is becoming a more common sight in this age of telecommunications. State legislators and federal officials agree that the use of cellular telephones while driving poses a distraction which may lead to car accidents. But they acknowledge that little is being done to address the issue. "Anything that takes your eyes off the road is a hazard, " state Rep. Reed Hillman, R-Sturbridge, said. But Hillman, former head of the Massachusetts State Police, points out that there doesn't seem to be an appetite on Beacon Hill for any bill that would ban cell phone use by drivers. Currently, there is no legislation pending before the state Legislature that would limit the use of cellular telephones by drivers.

Bills have been considered by the joint legislative Public Safety Committee in the past, but ended up in studies, where they died. Such legislation has been introduced or considered in a number of states, but to date no state has enacted legislation to specifically limit the use of cellular telephones on the highway. However, local measures have been passed banning cell phone use by cab drivers in a community in Ohio and New York City. Internationally, Australia, Spain, Israel, Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Chile, Switzerland, Great Britain, Singapore and Taiwan all have banned the use of a cellular phone while a vehicle is in motion. Rep. Benjamin Swan, D-Springfield, said a ban on cell phone use while driving would be a difficult sell "unless someone gets wiped out and you can attribute the crash to a cellular telephone. " Hillman cited a lack of hard data definitively connecting cell phone use to collisions.

In fact, the only recent U. S. study on how cellular telephone use in automobiles affects the risk of crash concluded that there was insufficient data to conclude what the magnitude of the safety problem might be, but noted that trends point to cell phone use as a growing factor in crashes. However, a study of Canadian drivers found that talking on a cellular phone while driving may quadruple a person's risk of serious auto accident. The 1998 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration report concluded that cellular phones can be an asset in contacting law enforcement authorities and reporting road accidents and traffic conditions, but they are also a distraction that may increase a driver's risk of an accident on already crowded highways. "As cars more and more become an extension of the home and office, we are creating a whole new array of potentially hazardous distractions that must be better understood, " NHTSA Administrator Ricardo Martinez said after the report was released. The agency said there is no way to know how many accidents actually have been caused by drivers using cellular phones because so few states keep data on whether a cell phone was an element in an accident.

At the time of the NHTSA study, cellular phones were used by 54 million Americans. That number is expected to grow to 80 million by 2000. State legislators also noted the pervasiveness of the technology may be a factor in preventing an outright ban. "So many people use them, including me, " Hillman, a freshman representative and ranking GOP member of the state's Public Safety Committee, said. THESE COUNTRIES HAVE BANNED OR RESTRICTED THE USE OF A CELLULAR PHONE WHILE A VEHICLE IS IN MOTION: You are driving down the highway. You see a car up ahead. He's weaving, his hands are moving wildly, he's not paying attention to the road.

DRUNK? I think not... he's ON HIS CELLULAR PHONE! ! ! The growth of the use of mobile cellular phones in this country has been astronomical as the costs have plummeted, but I can tell you that anyone who talks on the phone while they drive, is usually NOT doing the right thing. You need 110 % of your attention to one thing and one thing alone... Researchers at the University of Toronto found that the risk of having a traffic accident while using a cellular phone is the same as that while driving drunk.

Their findings were published 2 / 13 / 97, in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study shows that cell phone users four to five hundred percent more likely to get into traffic accidents than those who do not use them. "Telephones that allowed the hands to be free did not appear to be safer than hand-held telephones, " the study said. "This may indicate that the main factor in most motor vehicle collisions is a driver's limitations in attention rather than dexterity. " An editorial by Malcolm Mature of the Harvard School of Public Health and Murray Mittleman of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston said the research was the first "direct evidence that the use of cellular telephones in cars contributes to roadway collisions. " The Toronto study by Dr. Donald Redelmeier and Robert Tibshirani said the risk "is similar to the hazard associated with driving with a blood alcohol level at the legal limit. " YIKES! ! ! ! The cellular phone industry responded.

They said the study's was flawed. The Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, a trade group, released a statement that said that the study dealt with an association between accidents and the phones. The researchers did not directly assess whether the phones caused accidents. WELL OF COURSE THE PHONES DON'T CAUSE ACCIDENTS... THE DRIVERS DO... DUH! ! !

The association also said cell phone use was way up and traffic injuries were down, showing users drive safely. It's estimated that about 35 million Americans are currently cell phones users. Inattention to driving is the # 1 cause of accidents in America. The study used 13 months of accident data and phone records of 699 people to track the actual time of the accident and the phone call usage. They also made some statistical adjustments for driving habits. The risk of an accident was nearly five times higher than normal when a person was on the telephone one minute or five minutes before the accident.

The typical call in the study lasted nearly 2 1 / 2 minutes. The collision rate was four times higher than expected when the call was made less than 15 minutes before the accident. Only after the driver had been off the phone for more than 15 minutes did the risk seem to dissipate. Younger and older drivers with a cell phone face the same risk. "Subjects with many years of experience in using a cellular telephone still had a significant increase in risk, " but the highest risk was among people who had not graduated from high school. Here are some tips if you are going to use your phone while you drive (and I know NOTHING said here will stop you): DO try to get a phone that has "hands free" talking. DO know how the phone works BEFORE you get into the car.

DO use memory dialing if possible, to cut down on the time you have your eyes off the road. Many phones now have "hands-free" dialing as well. They are voice activated. DON'T use your phone in heavy traffic.

It's an accident waiting to happen. DON'T dial at a red light or stop sign. You may think this is the safe thing to do, but you will be impeding traffic. Only dial when you are NOT in traffic! DON'T take notes or look up phone numbers while the car is in motion! ! ! ! By .".. /driving safety / grosser .

html" Today it seems like everyone is carrying a cell phone. You can see people walking up and down the aisles of the grocery store with phones to their ears. Phones ring in restaurants and movie theaters. And in the car, a cell phone can be a lifesaver. But there is a downside to being constantly connected.

So, are cell phones a modern blessing or a curse? There are definite advantages to carrying a cellular phone in the car: In an emergency, they are tops! Nothing beats calling for help from inside your own car. A cellular phone can be the most useful piece of equipment in your car when a breakdown occurs. Getting directions is a snap: If you " ve lost your way or just can't find that pesky address, help could be just a phone call away. Carrying a cell phone can provide peace of mind: Stuck in traffic and running late?

With just the push of a button you can call a friend and ask her to pick your kids up from soccer practice. If your child becomes ill at school, you can be reached at any time and in any place. What are the disadvantages to having a cell phone in your car? Loss of concentration can be the biggest drawback: You " ve read the stories: someone swerves into another lane or slams into the back of another vehicle while preoccupied with a phone conversation.

You may even have witnessed some crashes or near misses due to phone use while you were driving. A cell phone left in your car may invite theft: If you do not have a phone you can easily remove from your car, you run a much greater risk of a break-in. Luckily, most cell phones today are small and easily portable. Will you be able to use your phone no matter where you are? Some cell phones have a limited calling area. Many are unable to make connections in tunnels or parking garages.

Even the best digital phones occasionally fail to work due to extreme atmospheric conditions. What can you do to glean the benefits of a cell phone, while at the same time reducing or eliminating potential disadvantages? Keep your eyes on the road! Never hunt for your phone or take your focus off the road. If you cannot safely pull off the road to make or receive a call, use hands-free operation if that is an option.

If road conditions worsen or your conversation becomes intense while you are driving, put down the phone or pull over to a safe place. Eliminate or minimize phone time while you drive: Ask a passenger to make your call for you or pull off the road to a safe location. Have your calls forwarded to your voice mail while you drive. Know your phone and your calling plan: Learn all you can about your service provider. Carry an alternate power source, extra battery, car plug-in, or AC adapter. By being prepared, your phone will always be charged and ready to go.

Carry change and emergency numbers with you: If, despite your best efforts, your cell phone will not work, you won't be left unprepared. Emergency calling varies according to your service provider and the areas you visit. Learn emergency numbers for all areas in which you travel, since 911 is not available in all calling areas. Some states are introducing legislation to prohibit or limit cellular phone use while driving. Be aware of any legal ramifications of using your cell phone while on the road. Be safe and be courteous and your cellular phone can be a valuable addition to your car, providing an extra margin of safety if you experience problems on the road.

With family, friends and help just a push button away, a cell phone can help put your mind at ease. But remember that your focus should be safety -- first, last and always. Bibliography: web phones. net


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Research essay sample on Cellular Telephones Cell Phone

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